A Fault-Tolerant Direct Controlled PMSG Drive for Wind Energy Conversion Systems

Reliability and availability levels are crucial aspects for assessing the economic viability of wind energy conversion systems. Therefore, fault-tolerant systems can make a valuable contribution. This paper presents a fault-tolerant permanent-magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) drive employing new direct control techniques. For postfault operation, a direct power control (DPC) of a four-switch three-phase converter and a direct torque control of a three-switch three-phase rectifier are proposed. Switching tables are theoretically formulated for both control techniques. Two alternative tables are obtained for the DPC of the grid-side converter, permitting the choice between implementation simplicity and enhanced performance. All necessary reconfigurations to handle open-circuit faults are triggered by a reliable fault diagnostic method, which has a low computational demand, without requiring additional measurements. Experimental results are presented, demonstrating the feasibility of the proposed fault-tolerant PMSG drive.

[1]  T. M. Jahns,et al.  Scalar PWM algorithms for four-switch three-phase inverters , 2010 .

[2]  Daniel U. Campos-Delgado,et al.  An Observer-Based Diagnosis Scheme for Single and Simultaneous Open-Switch Faults in Induction Motor Drives , 2011, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

[3]  Johann W. Kolar,et al.  Half-Controlled Boost Rectifier for Low-Power High-Speed Permanent-Magnet Generators , 2011, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

[4]  Jorge O. Estima,et al.  A new approach for real-time multiple open-circuit fault diagnosis in voltage source inverters , 2010 .

[5]  Toshihiko Noguchi,et al.  Direct power control of PWM converter without power source voltage sensors , 1996, IAS '96. Conference Record of the 1996 IEEE Industry Applications Conference Thirty-First IAS Annual Meeting.

[6]  Silverio Bolognani,et al.  Experimental fault-tolerant control of a PMSM drive , 1998, IECON '98. Proceedings of the 24th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society (Cat. No.98CH36200).

[7]  Grant A. Covic,et al.  DC link imbalance compensation in four-switch inverter AC motor drives , 1997 .

[8]  Li Sun,et al.  Switching Function Model-Based Fast-Diagnostic Method of Open-Switch Faults in Inverters Without Sensors , 2011, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics.

[9]  André M. S. Mendes,et al.  Fault-Tolerant Operating Strategies Applied to Three-Phase Induction-Motor Drives , 2006, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

[10]  Yongchang Zhang,et al.  A Simple Method to Reduce Torque Ripple in Direct Torque-Controlled Permanent-Magnet Synchronous Motor by Using Vectors With Variable Amplitude and Angle , 2011, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

[11]  Jiabing Hu,et al.  Investigation on Switching Patterns of Direct Power Control Strategies for Grid-Connected DC–AC Converters Based on Power Variation Rates , 2011, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics.

[12]  Edison Roberto Cabral da Silva,et al.  Fault-tolerant voltage-fed PWM inverter AC motor drive systems , 2004, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

[13]  Peter Tavner,et al.  Condition Monitoring for Device Reliability in Power Electronic Converters: A Review , 2010, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics.

[14]  Johann W. Kolar,et al.  Analytical calculation of the RMS current stress on the DC-link capacitor of voltage-PWM converter systems , 2006 .

[15]  Rik W. De Doncker,et al.  Analysis and evaluation of charge balancing circuits on performance, reliability and lifetime of supercapacitor systems , 2003, 38th IAS Annual Meeting on Conference Record of the Industry Applications Conference, 2003..

[16]  T. Noguchi,et al.  Voltage-Source PWM Rectifier–Inverter Based on Direct Power Control and Its Operation Characteristics , 2011, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics.

[17]  J Alonso-Martínez,et al.  Table-Based Direct Power Control: A Critical Review for Microgrid Applications , 2010, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics.

[18]  Janusz Nieznanski,et al.  Open-Transistor Fault Diagnostics in Voltage-Source Inverters by Analyzing the Load Currents , 2007, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

[19]  Dawei Xiang,et al.  An Industry-Based Survey of Reliability in Power Electronic Converters , 2011, IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications.

[20]  D.S. Oliveira,et al.  A Three-Phase High-Frequency Semicontrolled Rectifier for PM WECS , 2010, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics.

[21]  António J. Marques Cardoso,et al.  Open-Circuit Fault Diagnosis in PMSG Drives for Wind Turbine Applications , 2013, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

[22]  O. Carlson,et al.  Control Algorithms for a Fault-Tolerant PMSM Drive , 2007, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

[23]  T.A. Lipo,et al.  A strategy for improving reliability of field oriented controlled induction motor drives , 1991, Conference Record of the 1991 IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting.

[24]  Toshihiko Noguchi,et al.  A New Quick-Response and High-Efficiency Control Strategy of an Induction Motor , 1986, IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications.

[25]  António J. Marques Cardoso,et al.  A New Algorithm for Real-Time Multiple Open-Circuit Fault Diagnosis in Voltage-Fed PWM Motor Drives by the Reference Current Errors , 2013, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

[26]  Frede Blaabjerg,et al.  A new optimized space vector modulation strategy for a component minimized voltage source inverter , 1995, Proceedings of 1995 IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition - APEC'95.

[27]  B. Francois,et al.  Control implementation of a five-leg AC-AC converter to supply a three-phase induction machine , 2005, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics.

[28]  Santiago Arnaltes,et al.  A New Variable-Frequency Optimal Direct Power Control Algorithm , 2013, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

[29]  C.B. Jacobina,et al.  A General PWM Strategy for Four-Switch Three-Phase Inverters , 2006, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics.

[30]  J.-P. Gaubert,et al.  Analysis and design of new switching table for direct power control of three-phase PWM rectifier , 2008, 2008 13th International Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference.

[31]  Jin Zhao,et al.  A Comprehensive Investigation of Four-Switch Three-Phase Voltage Source Inverter Based on Double Fourier Integral Analysis , 2011, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics.

[32]  Mohamed Azab,et al.  Novel flux and torque control of induction motor drive using four switch three phase inverter , 2001, IECON'01. 27th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society (Cat. No.37243).

[33]  Didier Theilliol,et al.  A Failure-Detection Strategy for IGBT Based on Gate-Voltage Behavior Applied to a Motor Drive System , 2011, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

[34]  Khoa Dang Hoang,et al.  Influence and Compensation of Inverter Voltage Drop in Direct Torque-Controlled Four-Switch Three-Phase PM Brushless AC Drives , 2011, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics.

[35]  Bin Lu,et al.  A Literature Review of IGBT Fault Diagnostic and Protection Methods for Power Inverters , 2008, 2008 IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting.

[36]  Barry W. Williams,et al.  System reconfiguration under open-switch faults in a doubly fed induction machine , 2010 .

[37]  A.M.N. Lima,et al.  Fault tolerant reversible AC motor drive system , 2001, Conference Record of the 2001 IEEE Industry Applications Conference. 36th IAS Annual Meeting (Cat. No.01CH37248).

[38]  P. Mutschler,et al.  Fault-Tolerant Voltage Source Inverter for Permanent Magnet Drives , 2012, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics.

[39]  Shahram Karimi,et al.  FPGA-Based Real-Time Power Converter Failure Diagnosis for Wind Energy Conversion Systems , 2008, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

[40]  Frede Blaabjerg,et al.  Adaptive SVM to compensate DC-link voltage ripple for four-switch three-phase voltage-source inverters , 1999 .

[41]  Marian P. Kazmierkowski,et al.  Direct torque control of PWM inverter-fed AC motors - a survey , 2004, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

[42]  C.B. Jacobina,et al.  Reduced Switch Count DC-Link AC–AC Five-Leg Converter , 2006, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics.

[43]  Thomas A. Lipo,et al.  VSI-PWM rectifier/inverter system with a reduced switch count , 1995, IAS '95. Conference Record of the 1995 IEEE Industry Applications Conference Thirtieth IAS Annual Meeting.

[44]  Peter Tavner,et al.  Reliability of wind turbine subassemblies , 2009 .