Handbook of Chemical and Biological Sensors

PREFACE FUNDAMENTALS OF SENSOR TECHNOLOGY: INTRODUCTION TO CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL SENSORS by J.S. Schultz and R. F. Taylor PHYSICAL SENSORS by R.A. Peura and S. Kun Piezoelectric sensors Resistive sensors Inductive sensors Capacitive sensors Bridge circuits Displacement measurements Blood pressure measurements INTEGRATED CIRCUIT MANUFACTURING TECHNIQUES APPLIED TO MICROFABRICATION by M. Madou and H.L. Kim Photolithography Subtractive techniques Additive techniques Comparison of micromachining tools Acknowledgment PHOTOMETRIC TRANSDUCTION by D.G. Buerk Phototransduction based on interactions between light and matter Applications for photometric transducers ELECTROCHEMICAL TRANSDUCTION by J. Wang Amperometric transduction Potentiometric transduction Conductometric transduction MODIFICATION OF SENSOR SURFACES by P. Barlett Covalent modification of surfaces Self-assembled monolayers and adsorption Polymer-coated surfaces Electrochemically generated films Other surface modifications BIOLOGICAL AND CHEMICAL COMPONENTS FOR SENSORS by J.S. Schultz Sources of biological recognition elements Design considerations for use of recognition elements in biosensors IMMOBILIZATION METHODS by R.F. Taylor Immobilization technology Immobilization of cells or tissues BILAYER LIPID MEMBRANES AND OTHER LIPID-BASED METHODS by D.P. Nikolelis, U.J. Krull, A.L. Ottova, and H.T. Tien Experimental bilayer lipid membranes Electrostatic properties of lipid membranes Electrochemical sensors based on bilayer lipid membranes BIOMOLECULAR ELECTRONICS by F.T. Hong Advantages of using molecular and biomolecular materials Electrical behavior of molecular optoelectronic devices: the role of chemistry in signal generation The physiological role of the ac photoelectric signal: the reverse engineering visual sensory transduction process Bacteriorhodopsin as an advanced bioelectronic material: a biunctional sensor Bioelectronic interfaces Immobilization of protein: the importance of membrane fluidity The concept of intelligent materials SENSOR AND SENSOR ARRAY CALIBRATION by W.P. Carey and B.R. Kowalski Zero-order sensor calibration (individual sensors) First-order sensors (sensor arrays) Second-order calibration MICROFLUIDICS by J.N. Zemel and R. Furlan Fabrication of small structures Sensors for use in microchannels Flow actuation and control Fluid flow phenomena PRACTICAL EXAMPLES OF POLYMER-BASED CHEMICAL SENSORS by M.J. Tierney Roles of polymers in chemical, gas, and biosensors Property/function-based selection of polymers for sensors Polymer membrane deposition techniques Examples: polymers in fast-response gas sensors SOLID-STATE, RESISTIVE GAS SENSORS by B. Hoffheins Materials Enhancing selectivity Fabrication Specific sensor examples OPTICAL SENSORS FOR BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS by G.G. Vurek Why blood gas monitoring? Oximetry Intra-arterial blood gas sensors Sensor attributes affecting performance Accuracy compared to what? Tools for sensor development Examples of sensor fabrication techniques In vivo issues ELECTROCHEMICAL SENSORS: MICROFABRICATION TECHNIQUES by C-C Liu General design approaches for microfabricated electrochemical sensors Metallization processes in the microfabrication of electrochemical sensors Packaging Practical applications Examples ELECTROCHEMICAL SENSORS: ENZYME ELECTRODES AND FIELD EFFECT TRANSISTORS by D. Pfieffer, F. Schubert, U. Wollenberger, and F.W. Scheller Overview of design and function Description of development steps Transfer to manufacturing and production Practical use and performance ELECTROCHEMICAL SENSORS: CAPACITANCE by T.M. Fare, J.C. Silvia, J.L. Schwartz, M.D. Cabelli, C.D.T. Dahlin, S.M. Dallas, C.L. Kichula, V. Narayanswamy, P.H. Thompson, and L.J. Van Houten Contributions to conductance and capacitance in device response Mechanisms of sensor response: kinetics, equilibrium, and mass transport Practical example: fabrication and testing of SmartSense immunosensors PIEZOELECTRIC AND SURFACE ACOUSTIC WAVE SENSORS by A.A. Suleiman and G.G. Guilbault Fundamentals Commercial devices Emerging technology THERMISTOR-BASED BIOSENSORS by B. Danielsson and B. Mattiasson Instrumentation Applications ON-LINE AND FLOW INJECTION ANALYSIS: PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL SENSORS by G.E. Pacey Definitions and descriptions of on-line and flow injection Selectivity enhancements, matrix modification, and conversion Sensor cell design in FIA Measurements FLOW INJECTION ANALYSIS IN COMBINATION WITH BIOSENSORS by B. Mattiasson and B. Danielsson Flow injection analysis CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL SENSORS: MARKETS AND COMMERCIALIZATION by R.F. Taylor Development and commercialization Current and future applications Current and future markets Development and commercialization of a chemical sensor or biosensor