An energy-efficient routing protocol for UWSNs using physical distance and residual energy

In Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks (UWSNs), developing an energy efficient routing protocol is a challenge due to the peculiar characteristics of UWSNs. In this paper, we therefore propose an energy-efficient routing protocol, called ERP2R (Energy-efficient Routing Protocol based on Physical distance and Residual energy). ERP2R is based on a novel idea of utilizing the physical distances of the sensor nodes towards the sink node. ERP2R also takes into account the residual energy of the sensor nodes in order to extend the network life-time. Sensor nodes make a local decision of packet forwarding according to their physical distance and the residual energy information. Using the ns-2 simulator, we proved that the ERP2R protocol performs better than a representative protocol (i.e. DBR) in terms of energy efficiency, end-to-end delay and network lifetime.

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