Enhanced Backtracking Search Algorithm for Optimal Coordination of Directional Over-current Relays Including Distributed Generation

Abstract In this article, the enhanced backtracking search algorithm is employed to achieve optimal coordination of directional over-current relays. A novel objective function is formulated to minimize the total operating times while maintaining the validity of the coordination time interval. The proposed technique is applied to optimize the influential variables of the coordination problem, which are plug tap setting, time dial setting, and type of inverse relay characteristics. Both old electromechanical and digital relays are considered in the study. The enhanced backtracking search algorithm is a recent heuristic-based optimization, and its performance in solving relay coordination problem is compared with other well-established algorithms to demonstrate its viability and effectiveness.

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