The Dynamics of Agglomeration Externalities along the Life Cycle of Industries

Neffke F., Henning M., Boschma R., Lundquist K.-J. and Olander L.-O. The dynamics of agglomeration externalities along the life cycle of industries, Regional Studies. This paper investigates the changing roles of agglomeration externalities along the industry life cycle. It is argued that industries have different agglomeration needs in different stages of their life cycles because their mode of competition, innovation intensity, and learning opportunities change over time. For twelve Swedish manufacturing industries, it is determined for each year between 1974 and 2004 whether the industry is in a young, intermediate, or mature stage. Whereas Marshall–Arrow–Romer (MAR) externalities steadily increase with the maturity of industries, the effects of local diversity (Jacobs’ externalities) are positive for young industries, but decline and even become negative for more mature industries. Neffke F., Henning M., Boschma R., Lundquist K.-J. et Olander L.-O. La dynamique des effets externes d'agglomération tout au long du cycle de vie des industries, Regional Studies. Cet article cherche à examiner l’évolution du rôle des effets externes d'agglomération tout au long du cycle de vie des industries. On soutient que les atouts de l'agglomération varient suivant la phase du cycle de vie parce que le mode de compétition, l'intensité de l'innovation, et les possiblités d'apprentissage des industries évoluent dans le temps. On détermine pour douze industries suédoises et pour chaque année de 1974 à 2004 si, oui ou non, une industrie est à un niveau naissant, intermédiaire ou avancé. Tandis que les effets externes Marshall–Arrow–Romer (MAR) augmentent régulièrement au fur et à mesure du développement des industries, les effets de la diversité locale (effets externes Jacobs) s'avèrent positifs pour les industries naissantes mais diminuent, voire s'avèrent négatifs, pour ce qui est des industries plus avancées. Cycle de vie des industries Agglomération Effets externes Evolution Marshall–Arrow–Romer (MAR) Jacobs Neffke F., Henning M., Boschma R., Lundquist K.-J. und Olander L.-O. Die Dynamik von Agglomerationsexternalitäten während des Lebenszyklus von Branchen, Regional Studies. In diesem Beitrag untersuchen wir die wechselnden Rollen von Agglomerationsexternalitäten im Laufe des Lebenszyklus von Branchen. Wir stellen die These auf, dass die Branchen in verschiedenen Phasen ihrer Lebenszyklen verschiedene Agglomerationsbedürfnisse aufweisen, da sich die Art ihres Wettbewerbs, die Intensität der Innovationen und die Chancen zum Lernen im Laufe der Zeit verändern. Anhand von zwölf produzierenden Branchen Schwedens wird für jedes Jahr von 1974 bis 2004 festgestellt, ob sich die Branchen jeweils in einem jungen, mittleren oder reifen Stadium befinden. Während die Marshall–Arrow–Romer-(MAR)-Externalitäten mit zunehmender Reife der Branchen gleichmäßig zunehmen, fallen die Auswirkungen der lokalen Diversität (Jacobs-Externalitäten) für junge Branchen positiv aus, nehmen dann aber für reifere Branchen ab und werden schließlich sogar negativ. Lebenszyklus von Branchen Agglomeration Externalitäten Evolution Marshall–Arrow–Romer (MAR) Jacobs Neffke F., Henning M., Boschma R., Lundquist K.-J. y Olander L.-O. Las dinámicas de los efectos externos de aglomeración en el ciclo vital de las industrias, Regional Studies. En este artículo analizamos las funciones cambiantes de los efectos externos de aglomeración en el ciclo vital de sectores industriales. Argumentamos que las industrias tienen diferentes necesidades de aglomeración en distintas fases de sus ciclos vitales ya que su modo de competición, intensidad de innovación y oportunidades de aprendizaje evolucionan con el tiempo. En doce sectores industriales manufactureros de Suecia se determinó para cada año desde 1974 a 2004 si la industria estaba en una fase joven, intermedia o madura. Mientras que los efectos externos Marshall–Arrow–Romer (MAR) aumentan de forma constante con la madurez de las industrias, los efectos de la diversidad local (las externalidades de Jacob) son positivas en las industrias jóvenes, no obstante para las industrias más maduras los efectos entran en declive e incluso se vuelven negativos. Ciclo vital de las industrias Aglomeración Efectos externos Evolución Marshall–Arrow–Romer (MAR) Jacobs

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