Risk evaluation in failure modes and effects analysis: hybrid TOPSIS and ELECTRE I solutions with Pythagorean fuzzy information

This article proposes two novel modified techniques, namely Pythagorean fuzzy hybrid Order of Preference by Similarity to an Ideal Solution (PFH-TOPSIS) method and Pythagorean fuzzy hybrid ELimination and Choice Translating REality I (PFH-ELECTRE I) method, in order to measure risk rankings in failure modes and effects analysis (FMEA). These methods are designed to overcome the flaws and shortcomings of traditional crisp risk priority numbers and fuzzy FMEA techniques in risk rankings. The proposed methods consider subjective as well as objective weight values of all factors in risk rankings of identified failures. The FMEA experts team are allowed to submit their information by linguistic terms using Pythagorean fuzzy numbers. Both techniques use a Pythagorean fuzzy weighted averaging operator to aggregate their independent evaluations into group assessments. Subsequent steps are different. The PFH-TOPSIS approach computes the distances of failure modes from the Pythagorean fuzzy positive ideal solution and Pythagorean fuzzy negative ideal solution. To evaluate failure modes, the PFH-ELECTRE I approach produces Pythagorean fuzzy concordance and Pythagorean fuzzy discordance matrices. We illustrate the structure of both techniques with the help of flowcharts. The effectiveness of the methods that we develop is described by a numerical example, namely a case study of 1.8-in. color super-twisted nematic (CSTN). To validate their effectiveness and accuracy, we provide a comprehensive comparative analysis with existing techniques of risk evaluation, including intuitionistic fuzzy hybrid TOPSIS, intuitionistic fuzzy TOPSIS, IWF-TOPSIS, and fuzzy TOPSIS methods.

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