Gastrointestinal symptoms in intensive care patients

Background: Gastrointestinal (GI) problems are not uniformly assessed in intensive care unit (ICU) patients and respective data in available literature are insufficient. We aimed to describe the prevalence, risk factors and importance of different GI symptoms.

[1]  E. Elpern,et al.  Outcomes associated with enteral tube feedings in a medical intensive care unit. , 2004, American journal of critical care : an official publication, American Association of Critical-Care Nurses.

[2]  K. Carlson,et al.  Nausea and Vomiting: Applying Research to Bedside Practice , 2007, AACN advanced critical care.

[3]  J. Montejo.  Enteral nutrition-related gastrointestinal complications in critically ill patients: a multicenter study. The Nutritional and Metabolic Working Group of the Spanish Society of Intensive Care Medicine and Coronary Units. , 1999, Critical care medicine.

[4]  P. Factor,et al.  GI complications in patients receiving mechanical ventilation. , 2001, Chest.

[5]  G. Dobb.  Diarrhoea in the critically ill , 2004, Intensive Care Medicine.

[6]  C. Compher,et al.  Preliminary evidence for a medical nutrition therapy protocol: enteral feedings for critically ill patients. , 2006, Journal of the American Dietetic Association.

[7]  Gilles Clermont,et al.  RIFLE criteria for acute kidney injury are associated with hospital mortality in critically ill patients: a cohort analysis , 2006, Critical care.

[8]  J. Daly.  Gastric residual volume during enteral nutrition in ICU patients: the REGANE study , 2011 .

[9]  R. Bellomo,et al.  Changes in the incidence and outcome for early acute kidney injury in a cohort of Australian intensive care units , 2007, Critical care.

[10]  J. Takala,et al.  Summary of round table conference: gut dysfunction in critical illness , 1997, Intensive Care Medicine.

[11]  D. McArthur,et al.  Multiple Organ Failure , 2000, Springer New York.

[12]  A. E. El Nahas,et al.  The outcome of acute renal failure in the intensive care unit according to RIFLE: model application, sensitivity, and predictability. , 2005, American journal of kidney diseases : the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation.

[13]  G. Ramsay,et al.  Monitoring Intensive Care Patients , 2002 .

[14]  N. Nguyen,et al.  The relationship between blood glucose control and intolerance to enteral feeding during critical illness , 2007, Intensive Care Medicine.

[15]  S. Pingleton,et al.  Nonhemorrhagic gastrointestinal complications in acute respiratory failure. , 1989, Critical care medicine.

[16]  N. Nguyen,et al.  Mechanisms of gastroesophageal reflux in critically ill mechanically ventilated patients. , 2003, Gastroenterology.

[17]  A. Van Gossum,et al.  Diarrhoea in the critically ill , 2006, Current opinion in critical care.

[18]  J. V. D. Hoeven,et al.  Early Enteral Nutrition in the Intensive Care Unit , 2002 .

[19]  J. Vincent,et al.  The SOFA (Sepsis-related Organ Failure Assessment) score to describe organ dysfunction/failure , 1996, Intensive Care Medicine.

[20]  H. Dupont,et al.  Upper digestive intolerance during enteral nutrition in critically ill patients: Frequency, risk factors, and complications , 2001, Critical care medicine.

[21]  C. Coopersmith,et al.  INTESTINAL CROSSTALK: A NEW PARADIGM FOR UNDERSTANDING THE GUT AS THE "MOTOR" OF CRITICAL ILLNESS , 2007, Shock.

[22]  R. Wiest,et al.  Bacterial translocation in the gut , 2003 .

[23]  J. Barr,et al.  Nutritional adequacy in patients receiving mechanical ventilation who are fed enterally. , 2005, American journal of critical care : an official publication, American Association of Critical-Care Nurses.

[24]  R. MacLaren.  Intolerance to Intragastric Enteral Nutrition in Critically Ill Patients: Complications and Management , 2000, Pharmacotherapy.

[25]  R. Goris,et al.  Multiple-organ failure. Generalized autodestructive inflammation? , 1985, Archives of surgery.

[26]  R. J. Fraser,et al.  Gastric emptying and the organization of antro‐duodenal pressures in the critically ill , 2007, Neurogastroenterology and motility : the official journal of the European Gastrointestinal Motility Society.

[27]  N. Nguyen,et al.  Mechanisms underlying feed intolerance in the critically ill: implications for treatment. , 2007, World journal of gastroenterology.

[28]  P. V. D. van der Voort,et al.  Pitfalls in gastrointestinal permeability measurement in ICU patients with multiple organ failure using differential sugar absorption , 2002, Intensive Care Medicine.

[29]  K. Steinberg.  Stress-related mucosal disease in the critically ill patient: risk factors and strategies to prevent stress-related bleeding in the intensive care unit. , 2002, Critical care medicine.

[30]  J. Starkopf,et al.  Gastrointestinal Failure score in critically ill patients: a prospective observational study , 2008, Critical care.

[31]  J. M. Sesler.  Stress‐related Mucosal Disease in the Intensive Care Unit: An Update on Prophylaxis , 2007, AACN advanced critical care.

[32]  C. Sprung,et al.  Acute renal failure in the ICU: risk factors and outcome evaluated by the SOFA score , 2000, Intensive Care Medicine.

[33]  J. Takala,et al.  Gut Dysfunction in Critical Illness , 1996, Update in Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine.

[34]  A. Groeneveld,et al.  Gastrointestinal luminal PCO2 tonometry: an update on physiology, methodology and clinical applications. , 2000, British journal of anaesthesia.

[35]  E. Draper,et al.  APACHE II: A severity of disease classification system , 1985, Critical care medicine.

[36]  J. Lewis,et al.  Prevention and treatment of stress ulcers in critically ill patients. , 2003, Seminars in gastrointestinal disease.