The reverse of the medal: feed additives in the environment

The aim of the paper is the probable scenario of changes which can be observed in the soil under influence of feed additives used in animal farming which reach the soil with animal's manure. The feed additives (e.g. antibiotics) inactivate microbial community. It leads to increase of plant debris in soil and elements are not available for plants, their production (primary production) fall down. Reduction of bacteria could cause loss of food source for soil fauna (protozoans, nematodes, microarthropods etc.) and its reduction. The reduction of soil animals community causes reduction of the soil community biodiversity and destabilisation of soil ecosystem. Those processes can cause the degradation of the soil and decrease of its productivity.

[1]  L. McDonald,et al.  The global impact of vancomycin-resistant enterococci , 1997 .

[2]  E. Pérez-Trallero,et al.  Resistance to antimicrobial agents as a public health problem: importance of the use of antibiotics in animals. , 1995, International journal of antimicrobial agents.

[3]  N. Malmer,et al.  Ecological Research at the Beginning of the Next Century , 1994 .

[4]  P. Nannipieri,et al.  Effectiveness of antibiotics to distinguish the contributions of fungi and bacteria to net nitrogen mineralization, nitrification and respiration , 1993 .

[5]  K. Fukuyama,et al.  Succession of Oribatid Mites(Acari:Cryptostigmata)Community in Soil and in Needle Litter after Reforestation of Cryptomeria japonica in Japan , 1992 .

[6]  Peter C. de Ruiter,et al.  Temporal and spatial heterogeneity of trophic interactions within below-ground food webs , 1991 .

[7]  L. Brussaard,et al.  Decomposition and nitrogen mineralization in natural and agroecosystems: the contribution of soil animals , 1990, Biogeochemistry.

[8]  E. Dmowska,et al.  Communities of nematodes in soil treated with semi-liquid manure , 1988, Pedobiologia.

[9]  D. Coleman,et al.  Detritus Food Webs in Conventional and No-tillage Agroecosystems , 1986 .

[10]  D. Coleman,et al.  MANIPULATION OF BACTERIA, FUNGI AND PROTOZOA BY BIOCIDES IN LODGEPOLE PINE FOREST SOIL MICROCOSMS: EFFECTS ON ORGANISM INTERACTIONS AND NITROGEN MINERALIZATION , 1986 .

[11]  A. Macfadyen,et al.  Productivity of Terrestrial Animals: Principles and Methods , 1970 .

[12]  J. Trevors Bacterial Biodiversity in Soil with an Emphasis on Chemically-Contaminated Soils , 1998 .

[13]  W. Verstraete,et al.  Effect of manuring practices and increased copper concentrations on soil microbial populations , 1994 .

[14]  C. Colinas,et al.  Population responses of target and non-target forest soil organisms to selected biocides☆ , 1994 .

[15]  R. Lal,et al.  Impact of soil fauna on the properties of soils in the humid Tropics , 1992 .

[16]  D. Coleman,et al.  Reduction of microbial and faunal groups following application of streptomycin and captan in Georgia no-tillage agroecosystems , 1991 .

[17]  M. Pussard Faune du sol et microflore. I. Modèle animal et paradoxe fonctionnel , 1991 .

[18]  M. Pussard Faune du sol et microflore. II, Saprophagie, prédation et médiation chimique , 1991 .

[19]  S. Sindhu,et al.  Occurrence of multiple antibiotic resistance in Azotobacter chroococcum. , 1989, Zentralblatt fur Mikrobiologie.

[20]  D. Coleman,et al.  THE INFLUENCE OF AMOEBAE ON THE UPTAKE OF NITROGEN BY PLANTS IN GNOTOBIOTIC SOIL , 1979 .