Association of Caesarean delivery and breastfeeding difficulties during the delivery hospitalization: a community-based cohort of women and full-term infants in Alberta, Canada

Objective Breastfeeding difficulties are the most common reason for breastfeeding cessation, particularly in the early postpartum. Caesarean delivery is associated with earlier breastfeeding cessation than is the case with vaginal delivery, but differences in breastfeeding difficulties by mode of delivery have not been thoroughly examined. Our objective was to explore the association between Caesarean delivery and types of breastfeeding difficulties. Methods We conducted a secondary analysis of data from a prospective cohort study of mothers who delivered full-term, singleton infants in Calgary, Alberta, Canada ( N = 418). Women completed self-report questionnaires during the delivery hospitalization. Mode of delivery was defined as vaginal or Caesarean, and further classified as planned or unplanned Caesarean. Breastfeeding difficulties were measured using the Breastfeeding Experiences Scale and operationalized with binary variables for presence of various types of maternal (i.e. physical, supply, social) and infant (i.e. latch, behaviour/health) difficulties that were reported as moderate to unbearable. Multivariable logistic regression was used to estimate adjusted odds ratios (AORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results Overall, 37.1% of women had a Caesarean delivery and 80.9% experienced a breastfeeding difficulty during the delivery hospitalization. Of the difficulties studied, Caesarean delivery was significantly associated with low milk supply (AOR = 1.62, 95% CI = 1.16–2.28) and infant behaviour/health difficulties (AOR = 1.33, 95% CI = 1.01–1.75). The association with low milk supply persisted when examining both planned (AOR = 2.42, 95% CI = 1.19–4.92) and unplanned (AOR = 2.21, 95% CI = 1.16–4.22) Caesarean deliveries. Conclusion Mothers who deliver by Caesarean have higher odds of reporting low milk supply and infant behaviour/health difficulties than women who deliver vaginally. Objectif Les difficultés d’allaitement sont la principale raison de l’arrêt de l’allaitement, surtout au début de la période du postpartum. L’accouchement par césarienne est associé à un arrêt de l’allaitement plus précoce qu’avec l’accouchement par voie vaginale, mais les différences dans les difficultés d’allaitement selon la voie d’accouchement n’ont pas été étudiées à fond. Nous avons voulu explorer les associations entre l’accouchement par césarienne et les types de difficultés d’allaitement. Méthode Nous avons effectué une analyse secondaire des données d’une étude prospective de cohortes de mères ayant accouché à terme d’un bébé unique à Calgary (Alberta) au Canada (N = 418). Les femmes ont rempli des questionnaires d’autoévaluation durant leur hospitalisation après l’accouchement. Pour la voie d’accouchement, les répondantes avaient le choix entre un accouchement par voie vaginale ou par césarienne, puis par césarienne planifiée ou non planifiée. Les difficultés d’allaitement ont été mesurées à l’aide d’une échelle de l’expérience d’allaitement (Breastfeeding Experiences Scale) et opérationnalisées avec des variables binaires pour détecter la présence de divers types de difficultés éprouvées par les mères (c.-à-d. physiques, sociales, de production de lait) et par les nourrissons (c.-à-d. prise du sein, comportement/santé) déclarées par les mères comme étant de modérées à insupportables. Une analyse de régression logistique multivariée a servi à estimer les rapports de cotes ajustés (RCa) et les intervalles de confiance de 95 % (IC). Résultats Dans l’ensemble, 37,1 % des femmes avaient accouché par césarienne, et 80,9 % avaient éprouvé une difficulté d’allaitement durant leur hospitalisation après l’accouchement. De toutes les difficultés étudiées, l’accouchement par césarienne présentait une corrélation significative avec la faible production de lait (RCa = 1,62, IC de 95 % = 1,16-2,28) et avec les difficultés de comportement/de santé du nourrisson (RCa = 1,33, IC de 95 % = 1,01-1,75). L’association avec la faible production de lait est demeurée lorsque nous avons examiné les accouchements par césarienne planifiés (RCa = 2,42, IC de 95 % = 1,19-4,92) et non planifiés (RCa = 2,21, IC de 95 % = 1,16-4,22). Conclusion Chez les mères ayant accouché par césarienne, la probabilité de déclarer une faible production de lait et des difficultés de comportement/de santé du nourrisson est plus élevée que chez les femmes ayant accouché par voie vaginale.

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