The importance of visual angle in word recognition: A “shrinking screen” modification for visual displays

The visual angle subtended by alphabetic stimuli seems to be given little regard in a large proportion of reading research. Existing empirical evidence suggests that this disregard may be unwise. We describe a modification to video monitors and oscilloscopes that allows the screen size of stimuli to be varied and permits words to be displayed at appropriate visual angles with accuracy and comparative ease. Other advantages of these modifications are also discussed.

[1]  G. M. Reicher Perceptual recognition as a function of meaninfulness of stimulus material. , 1969, Journal of experimental psychology.

[2]  Robert T. Hennessy,et al.  Oculomotor adjustments and size constancy , 1972 .

[3]  D. Massaro,et al.  The role of lateral masking and orthographic structure in letter and word recognition. , 1979, Acta psychologica.

[4]  K Rayner,et al.  Reading without a fovea. , 1979, Science.

[5]  C. Eriksen,et al.  Some factors determining efficiency of selective attention. , 1970 .

[6]  M C FLOM,et al.  VISUAL RESOLUTION AND CONTOUR INTERACTION. , 1963, Journal of the Optical Society of America.

[7]  James G. May,et al.  The word superiority effect: A study using parts of letters. , 1981 .

[8]  Charles Curtis Eriksen,et al.  The extent of processing of noise elements during selective encoding from visual displays , 1973 .

[9]  C. Eriksen,et al.  Effects of noise letters upon the identification of a target letter in a nonsearch task , 1974 .

[10]  H. Leibowitz,et al.  Role of changes in accommodation and convergence in the perception of size. , 1966, Journal of the Optical Society of America.

[11]  James L. McClelland,et al.  An interactive activation model of context effects in letter perception: Part 2. The contextual enhancement effect and some tests and extensions of the model. , 1982, Psychological review.

[12]  D. D. Wheeler Processes in word recognition , 1970 .

[13]  H W Leibowitz,et al.  SENSORY, LEARNED, AND COGNITIVE MECHANISMS OF SIZE PERCEPTION * , 1971, Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences.

[14]  Derek Besner,et al.  Models of Lexical Access in Visual Word Recognition , 1982, The Quarterly journal of experimental psychology. A, Human experimental psychology.

[15]  James C Johnston,et al.  A test of the Sophisticated Guessing Theory of word perception , 1978, Cognitive Psychology.

[16]  D G Purcell,et al.  Visual angle and the word superiority effect , 1978, Memory & cognition.

[17]  J. M. Cattell THE TIME TAKEN UP BY CEREBRAL OPERATIONS , 1886 .

[18]  C. Eriksen,et al.  Temporal and spatial characteristics of selective encoding from visual displays , 1972 .

[19]  Marilyn Jager Adams,et al.  Models of word recognition , 1979, Cognitive Psychology.