Investigation of heating and cooling in a stand-alone high temperature PEM fuel cell system

Abstract One key issue pertaining to the cold-start of High temperature PEM fuel cell (HT-PEMFC) is the requirement of high amount of thermal energy for heating up the stack to a temperature of 120 °C or above before it can generate electricity. Furthermore, cooling down the stack to a certain temperature (e.g. 50 °C) is necessary before stopping. In this study, the dynamic behaviours, power and energy demand of a 6 kW liquid cooled HT-PEMFC stack during heating-up, operation and cooling-down were investigated experimentally. The dynamic behaviours of fuel cell under heating-up and cooling-down processes are the mainly interested topics. Then a hybridisation of HT-PEMFC with Li-ion battery to demonstrate the synergistic effect on dynamic behaviour was conducted and validated for its feasibility. At last, the concept of combining different heating sources together is analysed to reduce the heating time of the HT-PEMFC as well.

[1]  Zhigang Qi,et al.  Effect of open circuit voltage on performance and degradation of high temperature PBI–H3PO4 fuel cells , 2006 .

[2]  A. Arsalis.  Modeling and simulation of a 100 kWe HT-PEMFC subsystem integrated with an absorption chiller subsystem , 2012 .

[3]  Lubos Streit,et al.  Concept of electric kart with LiFeYPO4 batteries , 2011, 2011 International Conference on Applied Electronics.

[4]  Elham Hosseinzadeh,et al.  Thermal and water management of low temperature Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell in fork-lift truck power system , 2013 .

[5]  Søren Knudsen Kær,et al.  Modelling and evaluation of heating strategies for high temperature polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell stacks , 2008 .

[6]  Eric S. Fraga,et al.  Options for residential building services design using fuel cell based micro-CHP and the potential for heat integration , 2015 .

[7]  Werner Lehnert,et al.  Design and test of a 5kWe high-temperature polymer electrolyte fuel cell system operated with diesel and kerosene , 2014 .

[8]  Mario Paolone,et al.  A Feasibility Study of an Auxiliary Power Unit Based on a PEM Fuel Cell for On-Board Applications , 2005 .

[9]  Youyi Wang,et al.  Investigation of water transport and its effect on performance of high- temperature PEM fuel cells , 2014 .

[10]  Agis M. Papadopoulos,et al.  Hybrid energy fuel cell based system for household applications in a Mediterranean climate , 2015 .

[11]  Daniel Hissel,et al.  On-line fuzzy energy management for hybrid fuel cell systems , 2010 .

[12]  Won Tae Joe,et al.  Modeling and analysis of LiFePO4/Carbon battery considering two-phase transition during galvanostatic charging/discharging , 2015 .

[13]  Nicola Zuliani,et al.  Microcogeneration system based on HTPEM fuel cell fueled with natural gas: Performance analysis , 2012 .

[14]  Weijiang Zhou,et al.  Determination of the optimal operating temperature range for high temperature PEM fuel cell considering its performance, CO tolerance and degradation , 2015 .

[15]  T. Schmidt.  Durability and Degradation in High-Temperature Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells , 2006 .

[16]  José Manuel Andújar,et al.  Design, building and testing of a stand alone fuel cell hybrid system , 2009 .

[17]  Sivakumar Pasupathi,et al.  Validation of an externally oil-cooled 1 kWel HT-PEMFC stack operating at various experimental conditions , 2013 .

[18]  Youyi Wang,et al.  An experimental study on anode water management in high temperature PEM fuel cell , 2015 .

[19]  Jesse S. Wainright,et al.  Acid-doped polybenzimidazoles : a new polymer electrolyte , 1995 .

[20]  Youyi Wang,et al.  Dynamic performance of a high-temperature PEM (proton exchange membrane) fuel cell – Modelling and fuzzy control of purging process , 2016 .

[21]  Qingfeng Li,et al.  Water uptake and acid doping of polybenzimidazoles as electrolyte membranes for fuel cells , 2004 .

[22]  Søren Knudsen Kær,et al.  Experimental investigation of carbon monoxide poisoning effect on a PBI/H3PO4 high temperature polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell: Influence of anode humidification and carbon dioxide , 2015 .

[23]  Jung-Ho Wee,et al.  Applications of proton exchange membrane fuel cell systems , 2007 .

[24]  Analytical modelling of boiling phase change phenomenon in high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cells during warm-up process , 2014 .

[25]  Zhitao Liu,et al.  Dynamic performance of a high-temperature PEM fuel cell – An experimental study , 2015 .

[26]  Andrea Casalegno,et al.  A trigeneration system based on polymer electrolyte fuel cell and desiccant wheel - Part B: Overall system design and energy performance analysis , 2015 .

[27]  T. Schmidt.  High-Temperature Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells: Durability Insights , 2009 .

[28]  Dirk Uwe Sauer,et al.  Dynamic modeling of high temperature PEM fuel cell start-up process , 2014 .

[29]  Keith Scott,et al.  Modelling and experimental validation of a high temperature polymer electrolyte fuel cell , 2007 .

[30]  S. Kandlikar,et al.  A critical review of cooling techniques in proton exchange membrane fuel cell stacks , 2012 .

[31]  P. Ghosh,et al.  Modelling of start-up time for high temperature polymer electrolyte fuel cells , 2011 .

[32]  Elio Jannelli,et al.  Analyzing microcogeneration systems based on LT-PEMFC and HT-PEMFC by energy balances , 2013 .