A Dozen Competing-Plans Techniques for Inducing Predictable Slips in Speech and Action

Psychologists have studied the inner workings of input processes like sensation, perception, and comprehension in great detail and with considerable success. Mediating processes like memory and thinking have also come under close scrutiny. But until recently, the mechanisms underlying action have been comparatively neglected. One of the main reasons for this neglect was apparently already known to Wilhelm Wundt (1862/1961): ”It must be admitted that it is primarily the sensory side of psychic life which accords the widest prospect for experimental investigation” (p. 72). In perception and memory studies, the problem of experimental control is clearly solvable: one needs only to control the stimulus conditions. But it is much more difficult to manipulate the preconditions of spontaneous thought and action.

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