The structural style of intracontinental rift-inversion orogens 1

27 Although many collisional orogens result from subduction of oceanic lithosphere 28 between two continents, some orogens form by strain localization within a continent via 29 inversion of extensional structures inherited during continental rifting. Intracontinental rift-30 inversion orogens exhibit a wide range of first-order structural styles, but the underlying causes 31 of such variability have not been extensively explored. Here, we use ASPECT to numerically 32 model intracontinental rift inversion and investigate the impact on orogen structure of rift 33 velocity/thermal structure, rift duration, post-rift cooling, and convergence velocity. Our models 34 reproduce the natural variability of rift-inversion orogens, which can be categorized using three 35 endmembers: asymmetric underthrusting (Style AU), distributed thickening (Style DT), and 36 localized polarity flip (Style PF). Inversion of slow/cold rifts tends to produce orogens with more 37 localized deformation (Styles AU and PF) than those resulting from host/fast rifts. However, 38 multiple combinations of the parameters investigated here can produce the same structural style. 39 Thus, there is not a unique relationship between orogenic structure and the conditions during and 40

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