Phosphorus‐31 magnetic resonance imaging of hydroxyapatite: A model for bone imaging

One‐dimensional 31P nuclear magnetic resonance images (projections) of syntheticcalcium hydroxyapatite, Ca10(OH)2(PO4)6, have been obtained for samples on the order of 0.5 to 1.0 cm in linear extent at 7.4 T magnetic field strength. Because of the solid state nature of these samples, short 31P spin‐spin relaxation times under 1 ms occur, necessitating echo times of 1 ms and phase‐encoding magnetic field gradient pukesshorter than 500 μs. Optimal projection quality and shortest acquisition times result from pulsedgradient phase‐encoding of the spatial dimension, using a compensating gradient pulse to cancel the distorting effects of gradient waveform transients. The exceedingly long 31P spin‐lattice relaxation times could lead to potentially intolerable image acquisition times; these have been reduced with a flipback pulse technique. In addition to holding great potential as a novel research tool in the study of biomineralization of those organisms containing calcium phosphate solid phases, these methods should be of general utility in the multinuclear imaging of a wide variety of solids of interest in biophysics and materials science.

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