Energy Storage Planning for Enhanced Resilience of Power Distribution Networks Against Earthquakes

Energy infrastructures are perceived continuously vulnerable to a range of high-impact low-probability (HILP) incidents—e.g., earthquakes, tsunamis, floods, windstorms, etc.—the resilience to which is highly on demand. Specifically suited to battery energy storage system (BESS) solutions, this paper presents a new resilience-driven framework for hardening power distribution systems against earthquakes. The concept of fragility curve is applied to characterize an earthquake hazard, assess its impact on power distribution systems, and estimate the unavailability of the network elements when exposed to extreme earthquakes. A new metric is defined to quantify the network resilience taking into account the uncertain nature of such HILP events. A linear programming optimization problem is formulated to determine the capacity and location of the BESSs for enhanced resilience against earthquakes. Efficacy of the proposed framework is numerically analyzed and verified through application to a real-world distribution power grid.

[1]  M. Shinozuka,et al.  Seismic Performance Analysis of Electric Power Systems , 1999 .

[2]  Michel Bruneau,et al.  Framework for analytical quantification of disaster resilience , 2010 .

[3]  Pierluigi Mancarella,et al.  Power Systems Resilience Assessment: Hardening and Smart Operational Enhancement Strategies , 2017, Proceedings of the IEEE.

[4]  Pierluigi Mancarella,et al.  The Grid: Stronger, Bigger, Smarter?: Presenting a Conceptual Framework of Power System Resilience , 2015, IEEE Power and Energy Magazine.

[5]  Susan M. Schoenung,et al.  Long- vs. short-term energy storage technologies analysis : a life-cycle cost study : a study for the DOE energy storage systems program. , 2003 .

[6]  Pierluigi Mancarella,et al.  Power System Resilience to Extreme Weather: Fragility Modeling, Probabilistic Impact Assessment, and Adaptation Measures , 2017, IEEE Transactions on Power Systems.

[7]  Devanandham Henry,et al.  Generic metrics and quantitative approaches for system resilience as a function of time , 2012, Reliab. Eng. Syst. Saf..

[8]  Yoshiharu Shumuta.  Practical seismic upgrade strategy for substation equipment based on performance indices , 2007 .

[9]  Solomon Tesfamariam,et al.  A hierarchy-based approach to seismic vulnerability assessment of bulk power systems , 2015 .

[10]  Yun Liu,et al.  A Robust Distributed Economic Dispatch Strategy of Virtual Power Plant Under Cyber-Attacks , 2018, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics.

[11]  N. Ambraseys,et al.  A history of Persian earthquakes , 1982 .

[12]  Min Ouyang,et al.  Multi-dimensional hurricane resilience assessment of electric power systems , 2014 .

[13]  Fei Wang,et al.  Broadcast Gossip Algorithms for Distributed Peer-to-Peer Control in AC Microgrids , 2019, IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications.

[14]  Yuan Zhang,et al.  Resilient Distributed Energy Management Subject to Unexpected Misbehaving Generation Units , 2017, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics.

[15]  Mladen Kezunovic,et al.  Predictive Risk Analytics for Weather-Resilient Operation of Electric Power Systems , 2019, IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy.

[16]  Thalia Anagnos,et al.  Development of an Electrical Substation Equipment Performance Database for Evaluation of Equipment Fragilities , 2002 .

[17]  Bruce R. Ellingwood,et al.  Serviceability of earthquake-damaged water systems: Effects of electrical power availability and power backup systems on system vulnerability , 2008, Reliability Engineering & System Safety.

[18]  Yue Li,et al.  Evaluating system reliability and targeted hardening strategies of power distribution systems subjected to hurricanes , 2015, Reliab. Eng. Syst. Saf..

[19]  Mohammad R. Zolfaghari,et al.  Development of optimization-based probabilistic earthquake scenarios for the city of Tehran , 2016, Comput. Geosci..

[20]  Assadollah Noorzad,et al.  Clustering analysis of the seismic catalog of Iran , 2009, Comput. Geosci..

[21]  Pierluigi Mancarella,et al.  Boosting the Power Grid Resilience to Extreme Weather Events Using Defensive Islanding , 2016, IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid.

[22]  Isa Asudeh.  I.S.C. mislocation of earthquakes in Iran and geometrical residuals , 1983 .

[23]  Payman Dehghanian,et al.  Maintaining Electric System Safety Through An Enhanced Network Resilience , 2018, IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications.

[24]  Yin Xu,et al.  Evaluating the Feasibility to Use Microgrids as a Resiliency Resource , 2017, IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid.

[25]  Yue Li,et al.  A Probabilistic Framework for Seismic Risk Assessment of Electric Power Systems , 2017 .

[26]  Bruce R. Ellingwood,et al.  Comparative Assessment of Civil Infrastructure Network Performance under Probabilistic and Scenario Earthquakes , 2010 .

[27]  W. H. Bakun,et al.  Implications for prediction and hazard assessment from the 2004 Parkfield earthquake , 2005, Nature.

[28]  Dipti Srinivasan,et al.  A Decentralized Multiagent System Approach for Service Restoration Using DG Islanding , 2015, IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid.

[29]  D. Gritzalis,et al.  Critical Infrastructure Security and Resilience , 2019, Advanced Sciences and Technologies for Security Applications.

[30]  M. Shinozuka,et al.  Seismic Performance Analysis for the LADWP Power System , 2005, 2005 IEEE/PES Transmission & Distribution Conference & Exposition: Asia and Pacific.

[31]  Anurag K. Srivastava,et al.  Defining and Enabling Resiliency of Electric Distribution Systems With Multiple Microgrids , 2016, IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid.

[32]  Pierluigi Mancarella,et al.  Influence of extreme weather and climate change on the resilience of power systems: Impacts and possible mitigation strategies , 2015 .

[33]  Mikhail Simonov.  Dynamic Partitioning of DC Microgrid in Resilient Clusters Using Event-Driven Approach , 2014, IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid.

[34]  Jianhui Wang,et al.  Self-Healing Resilient Distribution Systems Based on Sectionalization Into Microgrids , 2015, IEEE Transactions on Power Systems.

[35]  Ross Baldick,et al.  Research on Resilience of Power Systems Under Natural Disasters—A Review , 2016, IEEE Transactions on Power Systems.

[36]  Masanobu Shinozuka,et al.  Seismic performance of electric transmission network under component failures , 2007 .

[37]  Mohammad Shahidehpour,et al.  Microgrids for Enhancing the Power Grid Resilience in Extreme Conditions , 2017, IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid.

[38]  Linda K. Nozick,et al.  Transmission and Generation Expansion to Mitigate Seismic Risk , 2012, IEEE Transactions on Power Systems.

[39]  Pierluigi Mancarella,et al.  Metrics and Quantification of Operational and Infrastructure Resilience in Power Systems , 2017, IEEE Transactions on Power Systems.

[40]  Ivo Vanzi.  Structural upgrading strategy for electric power networks under seismic action , 2000 .

[41]  Alfredo H-S. Ang,et al.  A model for the seismic reliability assessment of electric power transmission systems , 1996 .

[42]  Eren Erman Ozguven,et al.  Co-resilience Assessment of Hurricane-induced Power Grid and Roadway Network Disruptions: A Case Study in Florida with a Focus on Critical Facilities , 2018, 2018 21st International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSC).

[43]  Jianhui Wang,et al.  Resilient Distribution System by Microgrids Formation After Natural Disasters , 2016, IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid.

[44]  A. D. Patton,et al.  Power system reliability evaluation , 1979 .

[45]  B. Tavakoli,et al.  Seismic hazard assessment of Iran , 1999 .

[46]  Mahmud Fotuhi-Firuzabad,et al.  Enhancing Power System Resilience Through Hierarchical Outage Management in Multi-Microgrids , 2016, IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid.

[47]  Pierluigi Mancarella,et al.  Seismic resilience assessment and adaptation of the Northern Chilean power system , 2017, 2017 IEEE Power & Energy Society General Meeting.

[48]  D. Sandwell,et al.  Three-dimensional deformation caused by the Bam, Iran, earthquake and the origin of shallow slip deficit , 2005, Nature.

[49]  S. Tesfamariam,et al.  Seismic vulnerability assessment of power transmission networks using complex-systems based methodologies , 2012 .

[50]  Mladen Kezunovic,et al.  Optimal Allocation of PV Generation and Battery Storage for Enhanced Resilience , 2019, IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid.

[51]  Eugenio Gutiérrez,et al.  Seismic risk assessment of interdependent critical infrastructure systems: The case of European gas and electricity networks , 2012 .

[52]  Payman Dehghanian,et al.  Quantifying power system resiliency improvement using network reconfiguration , 2017, 2017 IEEE 60th International Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems (MWSCAS).

[53]  Pierluigi Mancarella,et al.  Multi-phase assessment and adaptation of power systems resilience to natural hazards , 2016 .

[54]  H. Rudnick,et al.  SEISMIC RISK ASSESSMENT OF SPATIALLY DISTRIBUTED ELECTRIC POWER SYSTEMS , 2016 .

[55]  F. Manouchehri Dana,et al.  Attenuation Relationships for Iran , 2007 .