Histopathology and molecular genetics of renal tumors toward unification of a classification system.

PURPOSE We characterize the genetic abnormalities associated with pathological subtypes of renal tumors, which may help diagnosis or prognostication. MATERIALS AND METHODS A comprehensive literature review of genetic abnormalities associated with different renal tumor subtypes was performed. RESULTS Studies of sporadic and hereditary forms suggest that abnormalities in the von Hippel-Lindau and met genes are the earliest changes in conventional (clear cell) and papillary basophilic renal cancers, respectively. Renal oncocytoma and chromophobe carcinoma have common genetic abnormalities, suggesting a relationship. A similar finding has been observed between papillary adenoma and papillary basophilic renal cancer. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that molecular diagnostic testing will help determine histopathological diagnosis, identify tumor types with similar genetic abnormalities suggesting a common origin and indicate potential prognostic markers for future study.

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