Process intensification and fuel cells using a Multi-Source Multi-Product approach

Abstract The development of fuel cells has seen rapid progress with the interest of car manufacturers for in particular in the polymer fuel cells at the end of the 1990s. But also other types of fuel cells have made important steps towards commercialization. This paper provides the state of the art of the most important fuel cell technologies and moreover provides new design concepts, integrated use of novel materials and how fuel cells can be integrated in the chemical industry and in larger energy providing systems using renewables. In this paper we follow two lines of discussion. The first deals with the need for more efficient fuel cells by improving material and component properties and the second deals with integration of various technologies and functions in a full systems approach. The first approach is more relevant for low temperature fuel cells while the second is more suited for new developments in high temperature fuel cells.

[1]  Kas Hemmes,et al.  Flexible Coproduction of Hydrogen and Power Using Internal Reforming Solid Oxide Fuel Cells System , 2008 .

[2]  Ronghuan He,et al.  The CO Poisoning Effect in PEMFCs Operational at Temperatures up to 200°C , 2003 .

[3]  E. Drioli,et al.  A porous stainless steel supported silica membrane for WGS reaction in a catalytic membrane reactor , 2007 .

[4]  A Amorelli,et al.  An Experimental Investigation Into the Use of Molten Carbonate Fuel Cells to Capture CO2 from Gas Turbine Exhaust Gases , 2004 .

[5]  J. Cooper,et al.  Direct Carbon Conversion: Application to the Efficient Conversion of Fossil Fuels to Electricity , 2001 .

[6]  Kas Hemmes.  Integrating Wind And Solar With Hydrogen Producing Fuel Cells , 2007 .

[7]  Mahlon Wilson,et al.  Scientific aspects of polymer electrolyte fuel cell durability and degradation. , 2007, Chemical reviews.

[8]  S. Litster,et al.  PEM fuel cell electrodes , 2004 .

[9]  K. Kreuer.  On the development of proton conducting polymer membranes for hydrogen and methanol fuel cells , 2001 .

[10]  Brian E. Conway,et al.  Modern Aspects of Electrochemistry , 1974 .

[11]  F. Prinz,et al.  A sharp peak in the performance of sputtered platinum fuel cells at ultra-low platinum loading , 2002 .

[12]  P. Kohl,et al.  Hybrid polymer electrolyte fuel cells: alkaline electrodes with proton conducting membrane. , 2010, Angewandte Chemie.

[13]  F. de Bruijn,et al.  Review: Durability and Degradation Issues of PEM Fuel Cell Components , 2008 .

[14]  Lin Zhuang,et al.  Alkaline polymer electrolyte fuel cells completely free from noble metal catalysts , 2008, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

[15]  N. Woudstra,et al.  Analytical fuel cell modeling , 1996 .

[16]  E. Drioli,et al.  WGS reaction in a membrane reactor using a porous stainless steel supported silica membrane , 2007 .

[17]  U. Bossel,et al.  The Future of the Hydrogen Economy: Bright or Bleak? , 2003 .

[18]  Vincenzo Arcella,et al.  Proton exchange membranes based on the short-side-chain perfluorinated ionomer , 2005 .

[19]  Jiujun Zhang,et al.  A review of polymer electrolyte membranes for direct methanol fuel cells , 2007 .

[20]  B. Smitha,et al.  Solid polymer electrolyte membranes for fuel cell applications¿a review , 2005 .

[21]  Enrico Drioli,et al.  Simulation study of water gas shift reaction in a membrane reactor , 2007 .

[22]  S. Cha,et al.  Performance of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Electrodes Prepared by Direct Deposition of Ultrathin Platinum on the Membrane Surface , 1999 .

[23]  Antonino S. Aricò,et al.  Investigation of a direct methanol fuel cell based on a composite Nafion®-silica electrolyte for high temperature operation , 1999 .

[24]  Enrico Drioli,et al.  Upgrading of a syngas mixture for pure hydrogen production in a Pd–Ag membrane reactor , 2009 .

[25]  David P. Wilkinson,et al.  High temperature PEM fuel cells , 2006 .

[26]  R. L. Sawhney,et al.  Comparison of environmental and economic aspects of various hydrogen production methods , 2008 .

[27]  N. Woudstra,et al.  Verification of a simple numerical fuel cell model in a flowsheeting program by performance testing of a 110 cm2 molten carbonate fuel cell , 2003 .

[28]  김종수,et al.  Fuel Cell Seminar 2007 , 2008 .

[29]  M. Cassir,et al.  A Theoretical Study of the Carbon/Carbonate/Hydroxide (Electro-) Chemical System in a Direct Carbon Fuel Cell , 2004 .

[30]  G. Andersson,et al.  Towards multi-source multi-product energy systems , 2007 .

[31]  Enrico Drioli,et al.  An innovative configuration of a Pd-based membrane reactor for the production of pure hydrogen: Experimental analysis of water gas shift , 2008 .

[32]  Vincenzo Arcella,et al.  Hyflon Ion Membranes for Fuel Cells , 2005 .

[33]  M. Ishida,et al.  Performance of an internal direct-oxidation carbon fuel cell and its evaluation by graphic exergy analysis , 1988 .

[34]  Michael D. Guiver,et al.  Proton conducting membranes based on cross-linked sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) (SPEEK) , 2004 .

[35]  Zhongwei Chen,et al.  A soluble and highly conductive ionomer for high-performance hydroxide exchange membrane fuel cells. , 2009, Angewandte Chemie.