Two-stage algorithm for license plate extraction

License plate recognition is an important practical problem with many applications in intelligent transport systems. The most important step is license plate extraction since recognition can be done by commercial character recognition systems. License plate extraction is a hard problem due to many variations in images including distance, angle, illumination, color of the plate, etc. In this paper we propose two-stage algorithm for license plate extraction. The first stage uses dynamically adjustable thresholding for determining potential license plate areas. The second stage uses vertical edge density, contrast information and entropy to extract license plate from other candidate regions. Our proposed algorithm was tested on standard benchmark images and it successfully extracted license plates. Keywords—License plate extraction, dynamic thresholding, segmentation.

[1]  Sunghoon Kim,et al.  A robust license-plate extraction method under complex image conditions , 2002, Object recognition supported by user interaction for service robots.

[2]  Xiangjian He,et al.  Automatic License Plate Recognition: a Review , 2004, CISST.

[3]  Hsi-Jian Lee,et al.  Extraction and recognition of license plates of motorcycles and vehicles on highways , 2004, Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Pattern Recognition, 2004. ICPR 2004..

[4]  Changping Liu,et al.  A hybrid License Plate Extraction Method Based On Edge Statistics and Morphology , 2004, ICPR.

[5]  Ching-Tang Hsieh,et al.  Multiple license plate detection for complex background , 2005, 19th International Conference on Advanced Information Networking and Applications (AINA'05) Volume 1 (AINA papers).

[6]  Jiří Matas,et al.  Unconstrained licence plate and text localization and recognition , 2005, Proceedings. 2005 IEEE Intelligent Transportation Systems, 2005..

[7]  Hsi-Jian Lee,et al.  A Cascade Framework for a Real-Time Statistical Plate Recognition System , 2007, IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security.

[8]  Horst Bischof,et al.  Detecting, Tracking and Recognizing License Plates , 2007, ACCV.

[9]  Farhad Faradji,et al.  A Morphological-Based License Plate Location , 2007, 2007 IEEE International Conference on Image Processing.

[10]  Ergun Erçelebi,et al.  Automatic Vehicle Identification by Plate Recognition , 2007 .

[11]  A. Çapar,et al.  License Plate Recognition From Still Images and Video Sequences: A Survey , 2008, IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems.

[12]  Qingming Huang,et al.  A configurable method for multi-style license plate recognition , 2009, Pattern Recognit..

[13]  Subhadip Basu,et al.  License Plate Localization from Vehicle Images: An Edge Based Multi-stage Approach , 2009 .

[14]  Guoliang Fan,et al.  Graphical Models for Joint Segmentation and Recognition of License Plate Characters , 2007, IEEE Signal Processing Letters.

[15]  Pengfei Shi,et al.  An Algorithm for License Plate Recognition Applied to Intelligent Transportation System , 2011, IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems.

[16]  Lucjan Janowski,et al.  Quality assessment for a visual and automatic license plate recognition , 2012, Multimedia Tools and Applications.

[17]  Wael Badawy,et al.  Automatic License Plate Recognition (ALPR): A State-of-the-Art Review , 2013, IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology.

[18]  Ivona Brajevic,et al.  Cuckoo Search and Firefly Algorithm Applied to Multilevel Image Thresholding , 2014 .

[19]  Christos-Nikolaos E. Anagnostopoulos,et al.  License Plate Recognition: A Brief Tutorial , 2014, IEEE Intelligent Transportation Systems Magazine.

[20]  Milan Tuba,et al.  Improved Bat Algorithm Applied to Multilevel Image Thresholding , 2014, TheScientificWorldJournal.

[21]  Milan Tuba,et al.  Multilevel image thresholding by nature-inspired algorithms - A short review , 2014, Comput. Sci. J. Moldova.

[22]  Sukhvir Kaur,et al.  An Efficient Approach for Number Plate Extraction from Vehicles Image under Image Processing , 2014 .

[23]  Weidong Yi,et al.  License plate detection based on multistage information fusion , 2014, Inf. Fusion.

[24]  Nebojsa Bacanin,et al.  An algorithm for handwritten digit recognition using projection histograms and SVM classifier , 2015, 2015 23rd Telecommunications Forum Telfor (TELFOR).

[25]  Shaimaa Ahmed El-Said Shadow aware license plate recognition system , 2015, Soft Comput..

[26]  Milan Tuba,et al.  Multilevel image thresholding by fireworks algorithm , 2015, 2015 25th International Conference Radioelektronika (RADIOELEKTRONIKA).

[27]  Yanping Bai,et al.  Radial Wavelet Neural Network with a Novel Self-Creating Disk-Cell-Splitting Algorithm for License Plate Character Recognition , 2015, Entropy.

[28]  Milan Tuba,et al.  Handwritten digit recognition by support vector machine optimized by Bat algorithm , 2016 .

[29]  Maged Wafy,et al.  Efficient Method for Vehicle License Plate Identification Based on Learning a Morphological Feature , 2016 .