System for Reading Braille Embossed on Beverage Can Lids for Authentication

The paper describes a system for reading embossed Braille patterns on used aluminum beverage container lids. The intent of the system is to check whether the used containers are entitled to a refund. The lids have strong specular reflections. The reflections are avoided by a novel method that illuminates the lid alternating from two angles, and acquires two separate images. This illumination method is more compact than existing methods. We use the extended maxima algorithm to detect the Braille dots, and a cluster-based pattern point matching algorithm to recognize a pre-defined Braille pattern. The algorithms are customized to increase speed using a priori information. The system was evaluated on a test set containing 225 images. The median time used for analyzing one beverage can was 1 second, and the recognition rate was 94 percent.

[1]  Miguel Angel Ferrer-Ballester,et al.  Image Processing Techniques for Braille Writing Recognition , 2005, EUROCAST.

[2]  Paul Blenkhorn,et al.  An optical reading system for embossed Braille characters using a twin shadows approach , 1995 .

[3]  William K. Pratt,et al.  Digital image processing (2nd ed.) , 1991 .

[4]  Pierre Soille,et al.  Morphological Image Analysis: Principles and Applications , 2003 .

[5]  E. R. Davies,et al.  Machine vision - theory, algorithms, practicalities , 2004 .

[6]  Apostolos Antonacopoulos,et al.  A Robust Braille Recognition System , 2004, Document Analysis Systems.

[7]  Linda G. Shapiro,et al.  Computer and Robot Vision , 1991 .

[8]  Baihua Li,et al.  Point pattern matching and applications-a review , 2003, SMC'03 Conference Proceedings. 2003 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics. Conference Theme - System Security and Assurance (Cat. No.03CH37483).

[9]  Alfred M. Bruckstein,et al.  A new method for image segmentation , 1988, [1988 Proceedings] 9th International Conference on Pattern Recognition.

[10]  R. Halír Numerically Stable Direct Least Squares Fitting of Ellipses , 1998 .