Content Validity and Reliability of the Copenhagen Social Relations Questionnaire

Objective: The aim of the present article is to describe the face and content validity as well as reliability of the Copenhagen Social Relations Questionnaire (CSRQ). Method: The face and content validity test was based on focus group discussions and individual interviews with 31 informants. Another 94 men and women participated in an 8-day test–retest analysis. Results: Informants generally expressed that the questions and response categories were relevant and easy to understand. Themes on structure of social relations, social support, and negative aspects of social relations emerged clearly from the interviews. Two additional themes not covered by CSRQ on dynamics and reciprocity of social relations were identified. Discussion: CSRQ holds satisfactory face and content validity as well as reliability, and is suitable for measuring structure and function of social relations including the negative aspects among middle-aged individuals.

[1]  Thomas A Glass,et al.  Social engagement and disability in a community population of older adults: the New Haven EPESE. , 2003, American journal of epidemiology.

[2]  D. Steffens,et al.  Change in stress and social support as predictors of cognitive decline in older adults with and without depression , 2011, International journal of geriatric psychiatry.

[3]  H Akiyama,et al.  Social networks in adult life and a preliminary examination of the convoy model. , 1987, Journal of gerontology.

[4]  P. O'Reilly,et al.  Methodological issues in social support and social network research. , 1988, Social science & medicine.

[5]  Amiram D Vinokur,et al.  Providing Social Support May Be More Beneficial Than Receiving It , 2003, Psychological science.

[6]  R. Lund,et al.  Social relations: network, support and relational strain. , 1999, Social science & medicine.

[7]  M. Pinquart,et al.  Associations of social networks with cancer mortality: a meta-analysis. , 2010, Critical reviews in oncology/hematology.

[8]  I. Sarason,et al.  Assessing Social Support: The Social Support Questionnaire. , 1983 .

[9]  C. Cassell,et al.  Essential guide to qualitative methods in organizational research , 2004 .

[10]  L. Berkman,et al.  Beyond single indicators of social networks: a LISREL analysis of social ties among the elderly. , 1997, Social science & medicine.

[11]  Karoline Kragelund Nielsen,et al.  Exposure to bullying at school and depression in adulthood: a study of Danish men born in 1953. , 2008, European journal of public health.

[12]  W. Edmunds,et al.  Social ties and susceptibility to the common cold , 1998, JAMA.

[13]  Bert N. Uchino,et al.  The Meaning and Measurement of Social Support , 2004 .

[14]  T. Antonucci,et al.  Social networks among men and women: the effects of age and socioeconomic status. , 2005, The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences.

[15]  Timothy B. Smith,et al.  Social Relationships and Mortality Risk: A Meta-analytic Review , 2010, PLoS medicine.

[16]  Laura L. Carstensen,et al.  Evidence for a Life-Span Theory of Socioemotional Selectivity , 1995 .

[17]  S. Shumaker,et al.  Gender differences in social support and physical health. , 1991, Health psychology : official journal of the Division of Health Psychology, American Psychological Association.

[18]  Richard A. Krueger,et al.  Focus groups : a practical guide for applied research / by Richard A. Krueger , 1989 .

[19]  L. Berkman,et al.  Social support, volunteering and health around the world: cross-national evidence from 139 countries. , 2012, Social science & medicine.

[20]  K. McDonald,et al.  Onset of mobility limitations in old age : the combined effect of socioeconomic position and social relations , 2022 .

[21]  M. Marmot,et al.  Negative aspects of close relationships and heart disease. , 2007, Archives of internal medicine.

[22]  Pernille Due,et al.  The impact of structural and functional characteristics of social relations as determinants of functional decline. , 2004, The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences.

[23]  J. R. Landis,et al.  The measurement of observer agreement for categorical data. , 1977, Biometrics.

[24]  B. Wallston,et al.  Social support and physical health. , 1983 .

[25]  R. von Känel,et al.  Lack of Social Support in the Etiology and the Prognosis of Coronary Heart Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis , 2010, Psychosomatic medicine.

[26]  L. Berkman,et al.  Social networks, host resistance, and mortality: a nine-year follow-up study of Alameda County residents. , 1979, American journal of epidemiology.

[27]  J. Blumenthal,et al.  Impact of psychological factors on the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease and implications for therapy. , 1999, Circulation.

[28]  D. Silverman Doing Qualitative Research , 2009 .

[29]  J. Kiecolt-Glaser,et al.  Close relationships, inflammation, and health , 2010, Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews.

[30]  T. Wills,et al.  Stress, social support, and the buffering hypothesis. , 1985, Psychological bulletin.

[31]  Michael Quinn Patton,et al.  How to use qualitative methods in evaluation , 1987 .

[32]  K. Malterud Qualitative research: standards, challenges, and guidelines , 2001, The Lancet.

[33]  N. H. Rod,et al.  Are negative aspects of social relations predictive of angina pectoris? A 6-year follow-up study of middle-aged Danish women and men , 2010, Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health.

[34]  Nigel King,et al.  Using templates in the thematic analysis of text , 2004 .

[35]  L. Berkman,et al.  Social support and depressive symptoms in the elderly. , 1992, American journal of epidemiology.

[36]  Janet Mancini Billson,et al.  Focus Groups: A Practical Guide for Applied Research , 1989 .

[37]  Susy Macqueen,et al.  Validity , 1973, Just Algorithms.

[38]  M. Marmot,et al.  Deriving a survey measure of social support: the reliability and validity of the Close Persons Questionnaire. , 1992, Social science & medicine.

[39]  William L. Miller,et al.  Using Codes and Code Manuals: A Template Organizing Style of Interpretation , 1999 .