Macro-level modeling of solid oxide fuel cells, approaches, and assumptions revisited

Fuel cells are considered as major components of the future energy infrastructure in many applications due to their high efficiency, simplicity of operation, scalability, and low pollution. The inherent complexity of the internal operation of fuel cells and limitations in the experimental studies on fuel cells make the numerical simulation a vital tool for the fuel cell research and development. This field has experienced remarkable advancements in the past three decades. A wide variety of modeling approaches have been introduced in the literature. Many mathematical formulations have been employed for the macro-level modeling of solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs). In this paper, the common fundamental bases behind different modeling approaches are identified and presented. Similarly, many assumptions have been used to simplify the modeling process. Some of the most common assumptions for modeling SOFCs are identified, and their appropriateness is reevaluated in the light of recent advancements in the experime...

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