The Fischer−Tropsch Process

The history of Fischer−Tropsch technology dates back to over a century. The process involves the synthesis of hydrocarbons from mixtures of carbon monoxide and hydrogen (synthesis gas), which gas can be generated in a range of compositions ranging from high-purity hydrogen to high-purity carbon monoxide. Two major routes can be utilized for high-purity gas production: (1) pressure swing adsorption and (2) utilization of a cold box, where separation is achieved by distillation at low temperatures. In fact, both processes can also be used in combination as well. Unfortunately, both processes require high capital expenditure. This chapter discusses the various aspects of the Fischer−Tropsch process and how research and development is ongoing with successes being measured by the demonstration and commercialization of technologies such as a permeable membrane for the generation of high-purity hydrogen, which in itself can be used to adjust the H2/CO ratio of the synthesis gas produced.

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