Contractual sharing of risks in underground construction: ITA views

Abstract This paper deals with the special considerations that should be given to underground construction in relation to the sharing of risks between the client, contractor and consultant. The paper highlights the work of the International Tunnelling Association (ITA) in this area and details the 25 propositions that the ITA has recommended be included in contract documentation for underground construction projects. It concludes with a review of present and future topics under consideration by the ITA Working Group on Contractual Sharing of Risks in Underground Construction.