Xylazine--a review of its pharmacology and use in veterinary medicine.

[1]  W. Hsu.  Yohimbine increases plasma insulin concentrations and reverses xylazine-induced hypoinsulinemia in dogs. , 1988, American journal of veterinary research.

[2]  A. Waterman,et al.  Influence of idazoxan on the respiratory blood gas changes induced by alpha 2-adrenoceptor agonist drugs in conscious sheep , 1987, Veterinary Record.

[3]  Brunson Db,et al.  Comparative analgesia of xylazine, xylazine/morphine, xylazine/butorphanol, and xylazine/nalbuphine in the horse, using dental dolorimetry. , 1987 .

[4]  J. Thurmon,et al.  Effect of yohimbine on xylazine-induced hypoinsulinemia and hyperglycemia in mares. , 1987, American journal of veterinary research.

[5]  J. Thurmon,et al.  Injectable anesthetics and anesthetic adjuncts. , 1987, The Veterinary clinics of North America. Equine practice.

[6]  W. Hsu,et al.  Effects of tolazoline and yohimbine on xylazine-induced central nervous system depression, bradycardia, and tachypnea in sheep. , 1987, Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association.

[7]  H. L. Whitmore,et al.  Uterine motility in the cow during the estrous cycle. III. Effects of oxytocin, xylazine, and adrenoceptor blockers. , 1987, Theriogenology.

[8]  K. McCabe,et al.  Anesthesia in the Richardson's ground squirrel: comparison of ketamine, ketamine and xylazine, droperidol and fentanyl, and sodium pentobarbital. , 1986, Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association.

[9]  Page Cd.  Sloth bear immobilization with a ketamine-xylazine combination: reversal with yohimbine. , 1986 .

[10]  J. Thurmon,et al.  Cardiopulmonary effects of continuous intravenous infusion of guaifenesin, ketamine, and xylazine in ponies. , 1986, American journal of veterinary research.

[11]  Allen Jl,et al.  Effect of tolazoline on xylazine-ketamine-induced anesthesia in turkey vultures. , 1986 .

[12]  Riebold Tw,et al.  Reversal of xylazine-induced sedation in llamas, using doxapram or 4-aminopyridine and yohimbine. , 1986 .

[13]  W. Hsu,et al.  Xylazine-ketamine-induced anesthesia in rats and its antagonism by yohimbine. , 1986, Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association.

[14]  N. Moise,et al.  Cardiac performance in cats after administration of xylazine or xylazine and glycopyrrolate: echocardiographic evaluations. , 1986, American journal of veterinary research.

[15]  J. Thurmon,et al.  Cardiopulmonary responses of swine to intravenous infusion of guaifenesin, ketamine, and xylazine. , 1986, American journal of veterinary research.

[16]  W. Hsu,et al.  Antagonism of xylazine-induced depression of shuttle-avoidance responses in dogs by administration of 4-aminopyridine, doxapram, or yohimbine. , 1986, American journal of veterinary research.

[17]  Y. Hikasa,et al.  Tolazoline as an antagonist of xylazine in cattle. , 1986, Nihon juigaku zasshi. The Japanese journal of veterinary science.

[18]  A. Waterman,et al.  The effects of alpha 2 adrenoceptor agonists on airway pressure in anaesthetized sheep. , 1986, Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics.

[19]  L. E. Davis,et al.  Alteration in the arrhythmogenic dose of epinephrine (ADE) following xylazine administration to halothane-anesthetized dogs. , 1986, Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics.

[20]  S. Haskins,et al.  Xylazine and xylazine-ketamine in dogs. , 1986, American journal of veterinary research.

[21]  R. Hanson,et al.  Effects of xylazine on renal function and plasma glucose in ponies , 1986, Veterinary Record.

[22]  J. Thurmon,et al.  Cardiopulmonary effects of an intravenous infusion of guaifenesin, ketamine, and xylazine in dogs. , 1985, American journal of veterinary research.

[23]  Ling Gv,et al.  Effects of xylazine on the urethral pressure profile of healthy dogs. , 1985 .

[24]  D. Harrold,et al.  Effects of atropine, acepromazine, meperidine, and xylazine on gastroesophageal sphincter pressure in the dog. , 1985, American journal of veterinary research.

[25]  Kitzman Jv,et al.  Antagonism of xylazine sedation with yohimbine, 4-aminopyridine, and doxapram in dogs. , 1985 .

[26]  Hsu Wh,et al.  Effect of xylazine on heart rate and arterial blood pressure in conscious dogs, as influenced by atropine, 4-aminopyridine, doxapram, and yohimbine. , 1985 .

[27]  Hsu Wh,et al.  Effect of yohimbine on xylazine-induced immobilization in white-tailed deer. , 1984 .

[28]  J. Brown,et al.  Antagonism of xylazine sedation in steers by doxapram and 4-aminopyridine. , 1984, American journal of veterinary research.

[29]  Kitzman Jv,et al.  Reversal of pentobarbital anesthesia with 4-aminopyridine and yohimbine in cats pretreated with acepromazine and xylazine. , 1984 .

[30]  Hsu Wh,et al.  Effect of yohimbine on xylazine-ketamine anesthesia in cats. , 1984 .

[31]  Hsu Wh,et al.  Xylazine-induced prolongation of gastrointestinal transit in dogs: reversal by yohimbine and potentiation by doxapram. , 1984 .

[32]  Wilson Rc,et al.  Antagonism of xylazine and ketamine anesthesia by 4-aminopyridine and yohimbine in geldings. , 1984, American journal of veterinary research.

[33]  J. Hubbell,et al.  The effects of xylazine hydrochloride on intrauterine pressure in the cow. , 1984, Theriogenology.

[34]  L. E. Davis,et al.  Halothane-sparing effect of xylazine in dogs and subsequent reversal with tolazoline. , 1984, Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics.

[35]  J. Zinkl,et al.  Xylazine causes transient dose-related hyperglycemia and increased urine volumes in mares. , 1984, American journal of veterinary research.

[36]  N. Dodman,et al.  Xylazine-ketamine-oxymorphone: an injectable anesthetic combination in swine. , 1984, Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association.

[37]  Kitzman Jv,et al.  Comparison of five preanesthetic medicaments in pentobarbital-anesthetized dogs: antagonism by 4-aminopyridine, yohimbine, and naloxone. , 1983 .

[38]  D. Jessup,et al.  Immobilization of mule deer with ketamine and xylazine, and reversal of immobilization with yohimbine. , 1983, Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association.

[39]  A. Waterman.  Influence of premedication with xylazine on the distribution and metabolism of intramuscularly administered ketamine in cats. , 1983, Research in veterinary science.

[40]  J. Brown,et al.  Acepromazine-xylazine combination in dogs: antagonism with 4-aminopyridine and yohimbine. , 1983, American journal of veterinary research.

[41]  Gross Dr,et al.  Simultaneous cystometry and uroflowmetry (micturition study) for evaluation of the caudal part of the urinary tract in dogs: reference values for healthy animals sedated with xylazine. , 1983 .

[42]  Muir Ww,et al.  A new analgesic drug combination in the horse. , 1983 .

[43]  R. M. Joy,et al.  Dose-dependent proconvulsant and anticonvulsant actions of the alpha2 adrenergic agonist, xylazine, on kindled seizures in the rat , 1983, Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior.

[44]  Hsu Wh,et al.  Effect of yohimbine on xylazine-induced prolongation of gastrointestinal transit in dogs. , 1983, Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association.

[45]  A. Uggla,et al.  Acute pulmonary oedema as an adverse reaction to the use of xylazine in sheep , 1983, Veterinary Record.

[46]  Hsu Wh.  Effect of yohimbine on xylazine-induced central nervous system depression in dogs. , 1983 .

[47]  D. Geiser.  Practical equine injectable anesthesia. , 1983, Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association.

[48]  J. D. Clark,et al.  Complete immobility produced in dogs by xylazine-atropine: antagonism by 4-aminopyridine and yohimbine. , 1982, American journal of veterinary research.

[49]  Muir Ww,et al.  Effect of xylazine hydrochloride on canine splenic weight: an index of vascular capacity. , 1982 .

[50]  L. E. Davis,et al.  Xylazine hydrochloride-induced hyperglycemia and hypoinsulinemia in thoroughbred horses. , 1982, Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics.

[51]  Kitzman Jv,et al.  Antagonism of xylazine sedation by 4-aminopyridine and yohimbine in cattle. , 1982 .

[52]  Rawlings Ca,et al.  Cardiopulmonary effects of intravenous xylazine, ketamine, and atropine in the dog. , 1982, American journal of veterinary research.

[53]  Mills Tm,et al.  Effects of ketamine-xylazine anesthesia on blood levels of luteinizing hormone and follicle stimulating hormone in rabbits. , 1982 .

[54]  Hsu Wh,et al.  Intravenous glucose tolerance test in cats: influenced by acetylpromazine, ketamine, morphine, thiopental, and xylazine. , 1982 .

[55]  A. Livingston,et al.  INTERACTIONS OF DRUGS ACTIVE AT OPIATE RECEPTORS AND DRUGS ACTIVE AT α2‐RECEPTORS ON VARIOUS TEST SYSTEMS , 1982, British journal of pharmacology.

[56]  W. Hsu.  Xylazine-induced delay of small intestinal transit in mice. , 1982, European journal of pharmacology.

[57]  J. D. Clark,et al.  Antagonism of xylazine sedation in dogs by 4-aminopyridine and yohimbine. , 1982, American journal of veterinary research.

[58]  W. Hsu,et al.  Xylazine-induced hyperglycemia in cattle: a possible involvement of alpha 2-adrenergic receptors regulating insulin release. , 1981, Endocrinology.

[59]  W. Hsu.  Xylazine-induced depression and its antagonism by alpha adrenergic blocking agents. , 1981, The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics.

[60]  H. Borison,et al.  Emetic action of xylazine on the chemoreceptor trigger zone for vomiting in cats. , 1981, Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics.

[61]  N. Altszuler,et al.  Clonidine or xylazine as provocative tests for growth hormone secretion in the dog. , 1981, American journal of veterinary research.

[62]  W. Hsu,et al.  Xylazine‐induced mydriasis in rats and its antagonism by α‐adrenergic blocking agents , 1981 .

[63]  M. Alvinerie,et al.  The pharmacokinetics of xylazine hydrochloride: an interspecific study. , 1981, Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics.

[64]  R. P. Brockman.  Effect of xylazine on plasma glucose, glucagon and insulin concentrations in sheep. , 1981, Research in veterinary science.

[65]  K. Campbell,et al.  Hemodynamic effects of xylazine in the calf. , 1979, American journal of veterinary research.

[66]  Skarda Rt,et al.  Hemodynamic and respiratory effects of a xylazine-acetylpromazine drug combination in horses. , 1979 .

[67]  A. Arieff,et al.  Rapid inibition of basal and glucose-stimulated insulin release by xylazine. , 1979, Endocrinology.

[68]  R. Jones.  Injectable anaesthetic agents in the cat: a review. , 1979, The Journal of small animal practice.

[69]  G. M. Drew.  PHARMACOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF THE PRESYNAPTIC α‐ADRENOCEPTORS REGULATING CHOLINERGIC ACTIVITY IN THE GUINEA‐PIG ILEUM , 1978, British journal of pharmacology.

[70]  J. Thurmon,et al.  Effects of xylazine hydrochloride on urine in cattle. , 1978, Australian veterinary journal.

[71]  V. Fuentes.  Sudden death in a stallion after xylazine medication , 1978, Veterinary Record.

[72]  H. Symonds,et al.  The effect of xylazine and xylazine followed by insulin on blood glucose and insulin in the dairy cow , 1978, Veterinary Record.

[73]  Muir Ww,et al.  Effect of xylazine on indices of myocardial contractility in the dog. , 1977 .

[74]  Milne Dw,et al.  Evaluation of xylazine and ketamine hydrochloride for anesthesia in horses. , 1977, American journal of veterinary research.

[75]  Haskins Sc,et al.  A clinical comparison of CT1341, ketamine, and xylazine in cats. , 1975 .

[76]  Roughton Rd.  Xylazine as an immobilizing agent for captive white-tailed deer. , 1975 .

[77]  Gabel Aa,et al.  Evaluation of xylazine as a sedative and preanesthetic agent in horses. , 1975 .

[78]  Muir Ww,et al.  Effects of xylazine and acetylpromazine upon induced ventricular fibrillation in dogs anesthetized with thiamylal and halothane. , 1975 .

[79]  K. Am,et al.  Cardiopulmonary effects of xylazine in dogs. , 1975 .

[80]  L. Finch.  THE CARDIOVASCULAR EFFECTS OF INTRAVENTRICULAR CLONIDINE AND BAY 1470 IN CONSCIOUS HYPERTENSIVE CATS , 1974, British journal of pharmacology.

[81]  H. Schmitt,et al.  Antagonism of the antinociceptive action of xylazine, an alpha-sympathomimetic agent, by adrenoceptor and cholinoceptor blocking agents. , 1974, Neuropharmacology.

[82]  L. Kerwin,et al.  Evidence for increased vagal tone and enhancement of baroreceptor reflex activity after xylazine (2-(2,6-dimethylphenylamino)-4-H-5,6-dihydro-1,3-thiazine) in anesthestized dogs. , 1973, European journal of pharmacology.

[83]  Klavano Pa,et al.  Premedication with xylazine to eliminate muscular hypertonicity in cats during ketamine anesthesia. , 1972 .

[84]  D. Holbert,et al.  Comparison of the effects of xylazine and acetylpromazine maleate in the horse. , 1972, American journal of veterinary research.

[85]  T. Hopkins.  The clinical pharmacology of xylazine in cattle. , 1972, Australian veterinary journal.

[86]  D. Kerr,et al.  Sedative and other effects of xylazine given intravenously to horses. , 1972, American journal of veterinary research.

[87]  Rosborough Jp,et al.  Effects on Bay Va 1470 on cardiovascular parameters in ponies. , 1971 .

[88]  Rosborough Jp,et al.  Effects of Bay VA 1470 on respiratory parameters in ponies. , 1971 .

[89]  L. Hall,et al.  "Xylazine"--a new sedative for horses and cattle , 1969, Veterinary Record.

[90]  H. Lin,et al.  A preliminary comparison of lidocaine and xylazine as epidural analgesics in ponies. , 1989, Veterinary surgery : VS.

[91]  Sims Mh,et al.  Effects of xylazine and ketamine on the acoustic reflex and brain stem auditory-evoked response in the cat. , 1986 .

[92]  C. Trim,et al.  Cardiopulmonary effects of a xylazine and ketamine combination in pigs. , 1985, Research in veterinary science.

[93]  W. Hoffman,et al.  Hyperglycemia and hypoinsulinemia during xylazine-ketamine anesthesia in Thoroughbred horses. , 1984, American journal of veterinary research.

[94]  R. Coppock,et al.  Cardiac effects of white snakeroot intoxication in horses , 1983 .

[95]  D. Morris,et al.  Human xylazine overdose: a comparative review with clonidine, phenothiazines, and tricyclic antidepressants. , 1981, Clinical toxicology.

[96]  C. Cook,et al.  Apparent Suppression of Gastrointestinal Motility Due to Xylazine: A Comparative Study , 1980 .

[97]  Prior Rl,et al.  Xylazine-induced hyperglycemia in beef cattle. , 1979 .

[98]  W. Kobinger.  Central α-adrenergic systems as targets for hypotensive drugs , 1978 .

[99]  Hoffman Pe.  Clinical evaluation of xylazine as a chemical restraining agent, sedative, and analgesic in horses. , 1974 .