ion/concretion: This is the usual direction of a design systematic, where interaction of synthesis and analysis leads from the abstract to the concrete. Often a concrete solution is being abstracted in order to derive a basis for finding better solutions. Levels of planning: These levels determine the planning objective. For each level synonyms are mentioned to facilitate understanding. Views: The views on a technical system are structure, behavior and shape. They originate from the Y-model, which is successfully used in the design of microelectronic systems [6]. These three dimensions make up the planning space. In the broadest sense the planning and the development of the specific production system can be understood as series of planning steps carried out in this planning space. A planning step is 756 J. Gausemeier et al. supported by methodology and corresponding tools. For the description of the input and output, specification techniques are required. This generic reference model helps to arrange the variety of methodologies, tools and specifications techniques in context of digital factory/virtual production. The following examples are used to clarify the approach. Each of these examples highlights a specific perspective of production system development. However they share a common three dimensional planning space. The planning space helps to identify the specific task within the overall planning context. For each of the following examples their representation within the planning space can be found in the associated figures. Abstract specification of manufacturing systems, structure view (Fig. 12): The specification of the structure of a flexible manufacturing system by means of symbolism according to guideline VDI3239/40 is classified on the planning level of production systems. The handling task described by symbolism according to guideline VDI 2860 is classified on the lower planning level of working systems.specification of manufacturing systems, structure view (Fig. 12): The specification of the structure of a flexible manufacturing system by means of symbolism according to guideline VDI3239/40 is classified on the planning level of production systems. The handling task described by symbolism according to guideline VDI 2860 is classified on the lower planning level of working systems. Fig. 12 Abstract specification of manufacturing systems Shape oriented specification of manufacturing systems (Fig. 13): This is naturally concrete. On the factory planning level the 3D model of the building is displayed. The model of a manufacturing cell corresponds to the level of production systems. It represents the shape and it enables simulation (i.e., analysis of the behavior). Chapter 37 Virtual Production – Computer Model-Based Planning... 757 Fig. 13 Shape oriented specification of manufacturing systems Abstract specification of a system structure across companies (Fig. 14): It has to be located on the planning level of branches. To describe such a system the specification technique of Dangelmaier is used [7].specification of a system structure across companies (Fig. 14): It has to be located on the planning level of branches. To describe such a system the specification technique of Dangelmaier is used [7]. Specification of structure and behavior of an assembly system (Fig. 14): The structure is described by means of a diagram in terms of an active scheme. The corresponding behavior is described concretely and can be analyzed with a pertinet [7].
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