Short-Circuit Characteristics of a High Temperature Superconducting Wind Turbine Generator Employing a Segmented Armature Winding

High temperature superconducting (HTS) wind turbine generators (WTGs) are expected to offer a compact and lightweight direct drive train for large offshore wind turbines. However, short circuits occurring at armature winding terminals can pose great challenges, such as high peak torques due to a large magnetic air gap in HTS generators, field current rise over the critical current that may cause a quench, and AC losses in HTS field windings that may cause local overheat. Segmentation of armature windings could be a solution to mitigate such challenges. In this paper, an optimized design of a 10-MW direct drive HTS generator using 2G HTS wires in the field winding is studied based on a well-verified generator topology. The generator design has two scenarios, i.e., without segmentation and with four segments in the armature winding. These two winding scenarios are compared through a phase-to-phase short circuit occurring at the terminals of the armature winding. The effects of segmentation are revealed on 1) electromagnetic torque, 2) current rise in the HTS field winding, and 3) AC losses in the HTS field winding after the short circuit occurs. The results show the great benefits of using segmented armature windings in an HTS WTG: the peak torque is reduced by a factor of 4, and the AC losses in the HTS field winding are nearly halved although the maximum field current is almost unchanged.