High-Strength Concrete Containing Recycled Coarse Aggregate Subjected to Elevated Temperatures

High-strength concrete (HSC) containing recycled coarse aggregate (RCA), as a partial replacement of natural coarse aggregate, is tested in this paper to have information on RCA concrete behavior at high temperature. The high-temperature mechanical properties were investigated with reference to a number of parameters, such as initial moisture content, ductility, heating rate, and preloading. Various factors including heating rates, moisture content, and the effects of preloading were investigated. Displacement measurements were obtained with the non-contact optical technique of digital image correlation. A scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to view the fractured surfaces of the RCA concrete. Concrete specimens containing 100% of natural limestone aggregate or 15 and 30% (by volume) replaced with recycled aggregate were cast and heated up to 550–600°C with different heating rates (1.5, 2.0 and 10.0°C/min). A slight decrease in the compressive strength was observed (at room temperature, i.e. after cooling down to room temperature) as an effect of partially replacing natural aggregate with recycled aggregate. Nearly all HSC containing coarse RCA explosively spalled. The SEM images showed that most of the RCA concrete fractures were located along the interfacial transition zones. It appears, therefore, that increasing the replacement ratio may contribute to reducing the risk of explosive spalling in high-strength concrete.

[1]  M. Koper,et al.  Influence of Raw Concrete Material Quality on Selected Properties of Recycled Concrete Aggregates , 2017 .

[2]  A. W. Beeby,et al.  Designers Guide to EN 1992-1-1 and EN 1992-1-2 Eurocode 2: Design of Concrete Structures. General rules and rules for buildings and structural fire design , 2005 .

[3]  A. Marí,et al.  Influence of Amount of Recycled Coarse Aggregates and Production Process on Properties of Recycled Aggregate Concrete , 2007 .

[4]  Yong Wang,et al.  The effect of load-induced thermal strain on flat slab behaviour at elevated temperatures , 2018 .

[5]  Martin Gillie,et al.  Concrete strains under transient thermal conditions: A state-of-the-art review , 2016 .

[6]  David Lange,et al.  A comparison of an explicit and an implicit transient strain formulation for concrete in fire , 2014 .

[7]  P. Gambarova,et al.  A study on the mechanical properties of self-compacting concrete at high temperature and after cooling , 2012 .

[8]  J. Ollivier,et al.  Interfacial transition zone in concrete , 1995 .

[9]  Albert Noumowe,et al.  Spalling, Thermal, and Hydrous Behavior of Ordinary and High-Strength Concrete Subjected to Elevated Temperature , 2011 .

[10]  Xuping Li,et al.  Recycling and reuse of waste concrete in China: Part I. Material behaviour of recycled aggregate concrete , 2008 .

[11]  Sepani Senaratne,et al.  Recycled concrete in structural applications for sustainable construction practices in Australia , 2017 .

[12]  Gabriel A. Khoury,et al.  Compressive strength of concrete at high temperatures: a reassessment , 1992 .

[13]  Chi Sun Poon,et al.  Effect of microstructure of ITZ on compressive strength of concrete prepared with recycled aggregates , 2004 .

[14]  Mark F. Green,et al.  Fire Performance of Sustainable Recycled Concrete Aggregates: Mechanical Properties at Elevated Temperatures and Current Research Needs , 2016 .

[15]  W. A. Take,et al.  Soil deformation measurement using particle image velocimetry (PIV) and photogrammetry , 2003 .

[16]  Zubair Khan,et al.  A Review on Recycled Aggregates for the Construction Industry , 2016 .

[17]  Ali Abd Elhakam,et al.  Influence of self-healing, mixing method and adding silica fume on mechanical properties of recycled aggregates concrete , 2012 .

[18]  C. Castillo,et al.  Effect of transient high temperature on high-strength concrete , 1990 .

[19]  A. Minocha,et al.  Recycled aggregate from C&D waste & its use in concrete – A breakthrough towards sustainability in construction sector: A review , 2014 .

[20]  F. L. Monte,et al.  A new test method to study the influence of pore pressure on fracture behaviour of concrete during heating , 2017 .

[21]  A. Beaucour,et al.  Contribution to the explanation of the spalling of small specimen without any mechanical restraint exposed to high temperature , 2010 .

[22]  Faiz Shaikh.  Mechanical properties of concrete containing recycled coarse aggregate at and after exposure to elevated temperatures , 2018 .

[23]  Mark F. Green,et al.  Residual strength of concrete containing recycled materials after exposure to fire: A review , 2013 .

[24]  Robert H. Crawford,et al.  Methodology for the integrated assessment on the use of recycled concrete aggregate replacing natural aggregate in structural concrete , 2017 .

[25]  Kristian Dahl Hertz,et al.  Limits of spalling of fire-exposed concrete , 2003 .

[26]  Faqi Liu,et al.  Stress–strain relationship of coarse RCA concrete exposed to elevated temperatures , 2017 .

[27]  P. J. Nixon,et al.  Recycled concrete as an aggregate for concrete—a review , 1978 .

[28]  Jose L. Torero,et al.  Deformation capturing of concrete structures at elevated temperatures , 2017 .

[29]  Kazuhisa Yoda,et al.  Building application of recycled aggregate concrete for upper-ground structural elements , 2014 .

[30]  Ali Nadjai,et al.  Outcomes of a major research on fire resistance of concrete columns , 2004 .

[31]  Mark F. Green,et al.  Influence of recycled coarse aggregates on normal and high performance concrete subjected to elevated temperatures , 2016 .

[32]  A. Noumowé,et al.  Thermal behaviour of unstressed and stressed high strength concrete containing polypropylene fibers at elevated temperature , 2017 .

[33]  James R. Lawson,et al.  Effects of elevated temperature exposure on heating characteristics, spalling, and residual properties of high performance concrete , 2001 .

[34]  Haifeng Yang,et al.  Residual compressive stress‐strain relation of recycled aggregate concrete after exposure to high temperatures , 2017 .

[35]  Jianzhuang Xiao,et al.  Recent studies on mechanical properties of recycled aggregate concrete in China—A review , 2012 .

[36]  H. L. Malhotra.  The effect of temperature on the compressive strength of concrete , 1956 .

[37]  Ö. Çakır,et al.  An Investigation on Mechanical and Physical Properties of Recycled Coarse Aggregate (RCA) Concrete with GGBFS , 2017 .