From Sampling to Quantification: Developments and Harmonization of Procedures for GMO Testing in the European Union

8 Abstract The objective of this review is to provide an overview of the scientific background and of the legal context defining the framework of genetically modified organism (GMO) testing across Europe. Specifically, we provide a comprehensive summary of the procedures for GMO testing, starting from sampling to final quantification of GMO content, including an overview of the legislative frame regulating such procedures, and a summary of the actions taken at the European level to ensure harmonisation of GMO testing among Member States. Some topics that have been the object of scientific debate over the past years will be carefully addressed and the results of the scientific experience gained reported. Not all of the issues raised have been fully resolved even though remarkable progress has been made with the reaching of commonly agreed definitions and applicative procedures. There are still some aspects under discussion, making the GMO issue an ongoing, interesting and continually evolving topic.

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