Zearalenone and Trichothecene Production in Soybeans by Toxigenic Fusarium.

Several Fusarium isolates known to produce zearalenone or T-2 toxin were tested for their toxigenic potential on heatsterilized whole and cracked soybeans, on soybean meal, and on rice. Moisture concentration levels and particle sizes of substrate were varied to determine effects on the amount and type of toxin produced. Only one of the three Fusarium isolates known to produce zearalenone, Fusarium roseum 'Graminearum', produced detectable amounts of this mycotoxin on soybeans. Fusarium sporotrichioides NRRL 3299, the T-2 toxin-producing isolate tested, produced T-2 toxin as well as T-2 tetraol, HT-2 toxin and neosolaniol on soybeans. HT-2 toxin production was greatly enhanced on soybean meal in comparison to rice cultures. These findings plus previous field observations suggest that soybean products present a mycotoxic hazard which warrants attention.

[1]  B. Robison.  Evaluation of a fluorogenic assay for detection of Escherichia coli in foods , 1984, Applied and environmental microbiology.

[2]  P. Hamilton,et al.  Simultaneous occurrence of deoxynivalenol, zearalenone, and aflatoxin in 1982 scabby wheat from the midwestern United States , 1984, Applied and environmental microbiology.

[3]  P. Hamilton,et al.  Survey of molds and mycotoxins for their ability to cause feed refusal in chickens. , 1983, Poultry science.

[4]  P. Hamilton.  Mycotoxins and farm animals , 1982 .

[5]  C. J. Mirocha,et al.  Effect of dietary zearalenone on reproduction of chickens. , 1981, Poultry science.

[6]  C. J. Mirocha,et al.  Biosynthesis of radiolabeled T-2 toxin by Fusarium tricinctum , 1981, Applied and Environmental Microbiology.

[7]  J. J. Ellis,et al.  Swine refusal factors elaborated by Fusarium strains and identified as trichothecenes , 1981, Applied and environmental microbiology.

[8]  C. J. Mirocha,et al.  Effects of dietary zearalenone on finishing broiler chickens and young turkey poults. , 1981, Poultry science.

[9]  C. W. Hesseltine,et al.  Survey for zearalenone, aflatoxin, and ochratoxin in U.S. grain sorghum from 1975 and 1976 crops , 1980 .

[10]  A. Ciegler,et al.  Acceptance by swine and rats of corn amended with trichothecenes , 1979, Applied and environmental microbiology.

[11]  C. J. Mirocha,et al.  Identification of the naturally occurring isomer of zearalenol produced by Fusarium roseum 'Gibbosum' in rice culture , 1979, Applied and environmental microbiology.

[12]  P. Scott,et al.  Determination of zearalenone in cornflakes and other corn-based foods by thin layer chromatography, high pressure liquid chromatography, and gas-liquid chromatography/high resolution mass spectrometry. , 1978, Journal - Association of Official Analytical Chemists.

[13]  C. Christensen,et al.  Natural occurrence of Fusarium toxins in feedstuff , 1976, Applied and environmental microbiology.

[14]  A. Hacking,et al.  Zearalenone‐producing species of Fusarium on barley seed , 1976 .

[15]  H. Tung,et al.  A survey of T-2 toxin, ochratoxin, and aflatoxin for their effects on the coagulation of blood in young broiler chickens. , 1974, Poultry science.

[16]  J. Miller,et al.  Stillbirths, neonatal mortality and small litters in pigs associated with the ingestion of Fusarium toxin by pregnant sows , 1973, Veterinary Record.

[17]  F. N. Kotsonis,et al.  T-2 Toxin as an Emetic Factor in Moldy Corn , 1973, Applied microbiology.

[18]  W. E. Ribelin,et al.  Identification of T-2 toxin in moldy corn associated with a lethal toxicosis in dairy cattle. , 1972, Applied microbiology.

[19]  P. Hamilton,et al.  Possible outbreaks of fusariotoxicosis in avians. , 1972, Avian diseases.

[20]  P. Hamilton,et al.  Severe oral lesions in chickens caused by ingestion of dietary fusariotoxin T-2. , 1972, Applied microbiology.

[21]  H. R. Burmeister.  T-2 toxin production by Fusarium tricinctum on solid substrate. , 1971, Applied microbiology.

[22]  P. Scott,et al.  Detection of mycotoxins by thin-layer chromatography: application to screening of fungal extracts. , 1970, Applied microbiology.

[23]  J. J. Ellis,et al.  Response of cattle to mycotoxins of Fusarium tricinctum isolated from corn and fescue. , 1970, Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association.

[24]  C. Christensen,et al.  Factors affecting production of the mycotoxin F-2 by Fusarium roseum. , 1970, Phytopathology.

[25]  J. Tuite,et al.  Zearalenone production by Fusarium species. , 1970, Applied microbiology.

[26]  K. H. Garren,et al.  Effects on turkey poults and chicks of rations containing corn invaded by Penicillium and Fusarium species. , 1970, American Journal of Veterinary Research.

[27]  J. J. Roberts,et al.  Zearalenone production in field corn in Indiana. , 1970 .

[28]  C. J. Mirocha,et al.  Detection of a fungal estrogen (F-2) in hay associated with infertility in dairy cattle. , 1968, Applied microbiology.