Precise coseismic displacements from the GPS variometric approach using different precise products: Application to the 2008 MW 7.9 Wenchuan earthquake

Abstract The Global Positioning System (GPS) variometric approach has emerged as an attractive alternative to traditional well-developed positioning techniques including relative positioning and precise point positioning. Previous studies have demonstrated the capability of the variometric approach to retrieve coseismic displacements at centimeter-level precision, in a real-time manner using only readily available broadcast ephemeris. This study presents the first results comparing the performance of the variometric approach by using a variety of precise satellite orbit and clock products. Totally six kinds of products are included in our evaluation, namely the broadcast, IGS (International GNSS Service) ultra-rapid (predicted), ultra-rapid (observed), rapid, final (30-s clock) and CODE (Center for Orbit Determination in Europe) final (5-s clock) products. Static and dynamic experiments are conducted using 1-Hz GPS data covering a relatively large area in China during the 2008 Wenchuan MW 7.9 earthquake. After removing the linear trend, the displacements using broadcast, ultra-rapid (predicted), ultra-rapid (observed) and rapid products reach nearly equivalent precisions at centimeter level. By using final and CODE final products, the precision of displacements can be significantly improved from 1.9–2.0 cm to 0.4–0.7 cm horizontally, and from 6.0–6.2 cm to 1.0–1.7 cm vertically for the dynamic experiments. The displacements using the CODE final products achieve the best precision, improved by more than 40% compared to those using the IGS final products. With the availability of IGS high-rate real-time precise products, this approach is promising to capture coseismic displacements more precisely in real time, which is crucial for earthquake and tsunami early warning.

[1]  Mohamed Elsobeiey,et al.  Performance of real-time Precise Point Positioning using IGS real-time service , 2016, GPS Solutions.

[2]  Rui Tu,et al.  Fast determination of displacement by PPP velocity estimation , 2014 .

[3]  R. Fang,et al.  Broadband Velocities and Displacements From Integrated GPS and Accelerometer Data for High‐Rate Seismogeodesy , 2018, Geophysical Research Letters.

[4]  Chuang Shi,et al.  Very high-rate GPS for measuring dynamic seismic displacements without aliasing: performance evaluation of the variometric approach , 2018, GPS Solutions.

[5]  Mattia Crespi,et al.  GPS Seismology for a moderate magnitude earthquake: Lessons learned from the analysis of the 31 October 2013 ML 6.4 Ruisui (Taiwan) earthquake , 2017 .

[6]  Tao Geng,et al.  Real‐time capture of seismic waves using high‐rate multi‐GNSS observations: Application to the 2015 Mw 7.8 Nepal earthquake , 2016 .

[7]  Rui Zhang,et al.  Integration of Single-Frequency GNSS and Strong-Motion Observations for Real-Time Earthquake Monitoring , 2018, Remote. Sens..

[8]  Yue Ge,et al.  Evaluating china’s national post-disaster plans: The 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake’s recovery and reconstruction planning , 2010 .

[9]  Yidong Lou,et al.  High-rate (1-Hz and 50-Hz) GPS seismology: Application to the 2013 Mw 6.6 Lushan earthquake , 2014 .

[10]  R. Fang,et al.  Seismic deformation of the Mw 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake from high-rate GPS observations , 2010 .

[11]  O. Montenbruck,et al.  IGS-MGEX: Preparing the Ground for Multi-Constellation GNSS Science , 2013 .

[12]  R. Fang,et al.  Determination of earthquake magnitude using GPS displacement waveforms from real-time precise point positioning , 2014 .

[13]  J. Kouba,et al.  GPS Precise Point Positioning Using IGS Orbit Products , 2001 .

[14]  Jinling Wang,et al.  Assessment of precise orbit and clock products for Galileo, BeiDou, and QZSS from IGS Multi-GNSS Experiment (MGEX) , 2016, GPS Solutions.

[15]  John F. Cassidy,et al.  GPS Seismology: Application to the 2002 Mw 7.9 Denali Fault Earthquake , 2008 .

[16]  Jingnan Liu,et al.  Recent development of PANDA software in GNSS data processing , 2008, International Conference on Earth Observation for Global Changes.

[17]  M. Meindl,et al.  GNSS processing at CODE: status report , 2009 .

[18]  C. Rizos,et al.  The International GNSS Service in a changing landscape of Global Navigation Satellite Systems , 2009 .

[19]  Mattia Crespi,et al.  GPS Near-Real-Time Coseismic Displacements for the Great Tohoku-oki Earthquake , 2013, IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters.

[20]  Augusto Mazzoni,et al.  Real‐time GPS seismology with a stand‐alone receiver: A preliminary feasibility demonstration , 2010 .

[21]  Harald Schuh,et al.  Temporal point positioning approach for real‐time GNSS seismology using a single receiver , 2013 .

[22]  Yehuda Bock,et al.  A Global Database of Strong‐Motion Displacement GNSS Recordings and an Example Application to PGD Scaling , 2018, Seismological Research Letters.

[23]  Tomasz Hadas,et al.  IGS RTS precise orbits and clocks verification and quality degradation over time , 2014, GPS Solutions.

[24]  Augusto Mazzoni,et al.  Global Navigation Satellite Systems Seismology for the 2012 Mw 6.1 Emilia Earthquake: : Exploiting the VADASE Algorithm , 2014 .

[25]  Jianghui Geng,et al.  Integrating GPS with GLONASS for high‐rate seismogeodesy , 2017 .

[26]  H. Bock,et al.  High-rate GPS clock corrections from CODE: support of 1 Hz applications , 2009 .

[27]  Jianghui Geng,et al.  Earthquake magnitude calculation without saturation from the scaling of peak ground displacement , 2015 .

[28]  L. Hua.  Long Distance Kinematic GPS Data Processing and Kinematic Crustal Deformation Features Analysis of Wenchuan Earthquake , 2010 .