Multiscale Simulation of Yield Strength in Reduced-Activation Ferritic/Martensitic Steel

Abstract One of the important requirements for the application of reduced-activation ferritic/martensitic (RAFM) steel is to retain proper mechanical properties under irradiation and high-temperature conditions. To simulate the yield strength and stress-strain curve of steels during high-temperature and irradiation conditions, a multiscale simulation method consisting of both microstructure and strengthening simulations was established. The simulation results of microstructure parameters were added to a superposition strengthening model, which consisted of constitutive models of different strengthening methods. Based on the simulation results, the strength contribution for different strengthening methods at both room temperature and high-temperature conditions was analyzed. The simulation results of the yield strength in irradiation and high-temperature conditions were mainly consistent with the experimental results. The optimal application field of this multiscale model was 9Cr series (7–9 wt.%Cr) RAFM steels in a condition characterized by 0.1–5 dpa (or 0 dpa) and a temperature range of 25–500°C.

[1]  Steven J. Zinkle,et al.  Observation and analysis of defect cluster production and interactions with dislocations , 2004 .

[2]  T. Jayakumar,et al.  Fatigue crack growth behavior of RAFM steel in Paris and threshold regimes at different temperatures , 2014 .

[3]  Pengfei Wang,et al.  Strain-induced refinement and thermal stability of a nanocrystalline steel produced by surface mechanical attritiontreatment , 2013 .

[4]  O. Bouaziz.  Revisited Storage and Dynamic Recovery of Dislocation Density Evolution Law: Toward a Generalized Kocks–Mecking Model of Strain‐Hardening , 2012, 1202.6006.

[5]  G. Po,et al.  Deformation mechanisms in ferritic/martensitic steels and the impact on mechanical design , 2013 .

[6]  C. Weinberger,et al.  A physically based model of temperature and strain rate dependent yield in BCC metals: Implementation into crystal plasticity , 2015 .

[7]  Susan B. Sinnott,et al.  Effect of pores and He bubbles on the thermal transport properties of UO 2 by molecular dynamics simulation , 2015 .

[8]  Farong Wan,et al.  Effects of carbide precipitate on the mechanical properties and irradiation behavior of the low activation martensitic steel , 2013 .

[9]  David N. Seidman,et al.  Prediction of the yield strength of a secondary-hardening steel , 2013 .

[10]  N. Hansen,et al.  Hall–Petch relation and boundary strengthening , 2004 .

[11]  E. Shafiei.  High strain rate behavior of alloy 800H at high temperatures , 2016 .

[12]  Zhi-Gang Yang,et al.  Austenite layer and precipitation in high Co-Ni maraging steel. , 2014, Micron.

[13]  U. F. Kocks,et al.  Kinetics of flow and strain-hardening☆ , 1981 .

[14]  Wei Wang,et al.  Effect of Thermal Aging on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of China Low-Activation Martensitic Steel at 550 °C , 2016 .

[15]  Jie Su,et al.  Multi-scale simulation of hydrogen influenced critical stress intensity in high Co–Ni secondary hardening steel , 2015 .

[16]  F. Nabarro,et al.  Fifty-year study of the Peierls-Nabarro stress , 1997 .

[17]  M. Victoria,et al.  Microstructure assessment of the low activation ferritic/martensitic steel F82H , 1998 .

[18]  Q. Wan,et al.  Grain growth and microstructure evolution based mechanical property predicted by a modified Hall–Petch equation in hot worked Ni76Cr19AlTiCo alloy , 2014 .

[19]  R. Lowrie,et al.  Single‐Crystal Elastic Properties of Tungsten from 24° to 1800°C , 1967 .

[20]  Mikhail A. Sokolov,et al.  Recent progress toward development of reduced activation ferritic/martensitic steels for fusion structural applications , 2009 .

[21]  H. Duan,et al.  Dislocation-mediated strain hardening in tungsten: Thermo-mechanical plasticity theory and experimental validation , 2015 .

[22]  D. Dulieu,et al.  The effect of ageing on the properties and structures of low activation martensitic 9 and 11% Cr, W, V stainless steels , 1991 .

[23]  S. Miura,et al.  Effect of deformation temperature on Hall–Petch relationship registered for polycrystalline magnesium , 2004 .

[24]  E. Wakai,et al.  Effect of heat treatments on tensile properties of F82H steel irradiated by neutrons , 2007 .

[25]  R. Dybkaer.  Recovery revisited , 2005 .

[26]  A. Strachan,et al.  Calculating the Peierls energy and Peierls stress from atomistic simulations of screw dislocation dynamics: application to bcc tantalum , 2004 .

[27]  Wei Yan,et al.  Laves-phase in the China Low Activation Martensitic steel after long-term creep exposure , 2014 .

[28]  Hisashi Tanigawa,et al.  Helium effects on microstructural change in RAFM steel under irradiation: Reaction rate theory modeling , 2015 .

[29]  Xin Sun,et al.  Phase-field simulations of intragranular fission gas bubble evolution in UO2 under post-irradiation thermal annealing , 2013 .

[30]  Jijun Zhao,et al.  Tensile strain-induced softening of iron at high temperature , 2015, Scientific Reports.

[31]  S. TOLANSKY,et al.  Dislocations , 1966, Nature.

[32]  W. Bleck,et al.  A constitutive model for the tensile behaviour of TWIP steels : Composition and temperature dependencies , 2016 .

[33]  Sanghoon Noh,et al.  Current Status and Future Prospective of Advanced Radiation Resistant Oxide Dispersion Strengthened Steel (ARROS) Development for Nuclear Reactor System Applications , 2016 .

[34]  K. Murty.  Role and significance of source hardening in radiation embrittlement of iron and ferritic steels , 1999 .

[35]  M. Tonks,et al.  Phase-field simulations of gas density within bubbles in metals under irradiation , 2011 .

[36]  E. Martínez,et al.  Identification of dominant damage accumulation processes at grain boundaries during irradiation in nanocrystalline α-Fe: A statistical study , 2016 .

[37]  S. Shang,et al.  Temperature-dependent ideal strength and stacking fault energy of fcc Ni: a first-principles study of shear deformation , 2012, Journal of physics. Condensed matter : an Institute of Physics journal.

[38]  F. Luo,et al.  Rate theory modeling of dislocation loops in RAFM steel under helium ion irradiation and comparison with experiments , 2015 .

[39]  Zhenglian Liu,et al.  Effect of magnetic field on interfacial energy and precipitation behavior of carbides in reduced activation steels , 2011 .

[40]  M. Warrier,et al.  Growth and structural determination of He bubbles in iron/chromium alloys using molecular dynamics simulations , 2016 .