Estimating Nutrient Outflow from Argicultural Watersheds to the River Kali in India

In India, fertilizers and chemicals are applied to different crops, which in turn, cause nonpoint source pollution of surface water and groundwater of the region. In the present work, extensive water quality surveys were done to estimate the nutrient outflow from three small agricultural watershed of the Kali Basin, Uttar Pradesh, India. A total of 576 field data sets have been collected during March 1999–February 2000 from four sampling stations. During the monsoon period the nutrient outflow from these agricultural watersheds were found to be orders of magnitude higher than during the nonmonsoon period. The percentage of nutrients outflow from each watershed was estimated on a monthly basis by obtaining periodical cropping patterns and the amounts of fertilizer applied for each watershed. A maximum of 85% of total nitrate and 70% of total orthophosphate applied in the field was found to be lost during the month of July from the third agricultural watershed having maximum slope and minimum watershed area...

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