Heterogeneous phase formation in diluted magnetic semiconducting Zn1−x−yCoxAlyO (CAZO) nanoparticles

This article reports a systematic investigation of the synthesis and structural characterization of composite CAZO [(Zn1−x−yCoxAlyO; x = 0.04, 0.03, 0.02; y = 0.01, 0.02, 0.03)] nanoparticles from combustion. The crystalline phase, morphology, size, and structure were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), small and wide angle X-ray scattering (SAXS/WAXS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM). The XRD and SAXS/WAXS analyses confirm the formation of the Co and Al co-doped ZnO hexagonal wurtzite structure with an additional metal oxide phase. The particle size and micro-strain were calculated by means of an integral breadth of X-ray diffraction lines. The selected area electron diffraction (SAED) patterns from TEM were correlated with the XRD patterns. The energy dispersive X-ray spectra (EDX) from SEM/TEM were recorded in order to analyze the composition of elements in the composite. The vibrational modes of the functional groups presented in the materials were assigned from FTIR and Raman spectra. The magnetic hysteresis measurement confirmed the room temperature ferromagnetism.

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