Bandwidth-Efficient Modulation Formats for Digital Fiber Transmission Systems

Publisher Summary It is noted that early lightwave systems employed non–return–to–zero (NRZ) modulation. The newer long-haul systems use return–to–zero (RZ) and chirped RZ formats for obtaining better performance. The goal of system designers, essentially, is to increase spectral efficiency by reducing the RF spectrum required to transmit a given bitrate. Theoretical and implementation issues surrounding the application of modulation format other than unipolar NRZ and RZ to fiber-optic communication systems have been examined in the chapter. The modulation formats are illustrated with examples from the literature to elucidate the properties of signal formats in various single and multichannel optical transmission configurations. It is observed that multilevel modulation is capable of significant increases in spectral efficiency in radio systems where noise in signal and power–dependent channel nonlinearities are absent. However, in optical systems where noise in signal is the limiting noise source, multilevel intensity modulation does not have practical application in long-haul systems because of the excessive power required that induces much larger interchannel nonlinearity penalties than binary signaling formats.

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