Characterization ofMutations Affecting theOsmoregulated proU Promoter ofEscherichia coli andIdentification of5'Sequences Required forHigh-Level Expression

WearegratefultoE. Angov,M.Berman,M.Chandler, K.Heller,D. Jackson, R. Johnson, and T. Palva for generously sendingbacterial strains and bacteriophages and to C. F. Higgins and M.Villarejo forcommunicatingdatapriorto publication. WethankW.Boos,in whoselaboratory part ofthe workwascarried out, for hisinterest in the project and V. Koogle for her help in preparing themanuscript.Financial supportfor this workwasprovidedbyagrantfromtheDeutsche

[1]  E. Angov,et al.  Use of lac fusions to measure in vivo regulation of expression of Escherichia coli proton-translocating ATPase (unc) genes , 1988, Journal of bacteriology.

[2]  Anne Barron,et al.  Purification and characterization of a glycine betaine binding protein from Escherichia coli. , 1987, The Journal of biological chemistry.

[3]  J. Cairney,et al.  Osmoregulation of Gene Expression in Salmonella typhimurium: proU Encodes an Osmotically Induced Betaine Transport System , 1986, Journal of bacteriology.

[4]  Janice,et al.  Selection of mutations that alter the osmotic control of transcription of the Salmonella typhimurium proU operon , 1987, Journal of bacteriology.

[5]  J. Gowrishankar.  Nucleotide Sequence oftheOsmoregulatory proUOperon ofEscherichia colit , 1989 .

[6]  L. Csonka,et al.  Osmotic regulation of L-proline transport in Salmonella typhimurium , 1985, Journal of bacteriology.

[7]  K. Drlica,et al.  Histonelike proteins of bacteria. , 1987, Microbiological reviews.

[8]  J. Messing,et al.  Construction of improved M13 vectors using oligodeoxynucleotide-directed mutagenesis. , 1983, Gene.

[9]  G. May,et al.  Characterization of the osmoregulated Escherichia coli proU promoter and identification of ProV as a membrane‐associated protein , 1989, Molecular microbiology.

[10]  Jeffrey H. Miller.  Experiments in molecular genetics , 1972 .

[11]  Robert Entriken,et al.  Escherichia coli promoter sequences predict in vitro RNA polymerase selectivity , 1984, Nucleic Acids Res..

[12]  D. Galas.  Bacterial insertion sequences. , 1989 .

[13]  J. Cairney,et al.  Salmonella typhimurium proP gene encodes a transport system for the osmoprotectant betaine , 1985, Journal of bacteriology.

[14]  L. Enquist,et al.  Experiments With Gene Fusions , 1984 .

[15]  W. Epstein.  Osmoregulation by potassium transport in Escherichia coli , 1986 .

[16]  D. le Rudulier,et al.  Glycine betaine transport in Escherichia coli: osmotic modulation , 1985, Journal of bacteriology.

[17]  L N Csonka,et al.  Physiological and genetic responses of bacteria to osmotic stress. , 1989, Microbiological reviews.

[18]  C. Ball,et al.  Isolation of the gene encoding the Hin recombinational enhancer binding protein. , 1988, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[19]  J. M. Wood,et al.  Proline porter II is activated by a hyperosmotic shift in both whole cells and membrane vesicles of Escherichia coli K12. , 1988, The Journal of biological chemistry.

[20]  G. May,et al.  Regulation of envelope protein composition during adaptation to osmotic stress in Escherichia coli , 1986, Journal of bacteriology.

[21]  J. Sambrook,et al.  Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual , 2001 .

[22]  M. Casadaban,et al.  Transposition and fusion of the lac genes to selected promoters in Escherichia coli using bacteriophage lambda and Mu. , 1976, Journal of molecular biology.