Reducing channel degradations in WDM systems and networks

Future higher-performance systems will be more complex than today's systems since the wavelength domain will be used to help route signals through different static or reconfigurable network paths. In these next-generation systems, several parameters may vary which would have deleterious effects in a WDM environment, including: variable insertion losses, channel addition and deletion (i.e., add/drop multiplexing), unstable laser power, non-uniform EDFA gain, non-uniform accumulation of dispersion and nonlinearities, and polarization mode dispersion that varies with fiber temperature. In order to ensure robust system operation, we discuss in this paper various dynamic schemes for compensating damaging effects so that these complex systems maintain high performance.

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