A thematic analysis of the experience of time.

A category system describing the human experience of time was developed in efforts to put existing theoretical notions about time ("future time perspective," "time urgency," "object constancy," etc.) into a broader theoretical context. Twenty mature, articulate, well-educated subjects were interviewed about their "experience of time." A thematic analysis of these interviews produced three major categories: (1) Change and Continuity ("becoming in time"), (2) Limits and Choices ("doing in time"), and (3) Tempo ("pacing in time"). The experience of time in various diagnostic groups was discussed in terms of the category system.

[1]  E. E. Lessing Extension of Personal Future Time Perspective, Age, and Life-Satisfaction of Children and Adolescents. , 1972 .

[2]  J. Pennebaker,et al.  Time consciousness, achievement striving, and the type A coronary-prone behavior pattern. , 1975, Journal of abnormal psychology.

[3]  A. Strauss,et al.  The Discovery of Grounded Theory , 1967 .

[4]  E. Inwood,et al.  A procedure for the systematic analysis of psychotherapeutic interviews. , 1954, Psychiatry.

[5]  O. Fenichel,et al.  The Psychoanalytic Theory of Neurosis , 1945 .

[6]  P. Hartocollis Origins of time. A reconstruction of the ontogenetic development of the sense of time based on object-relations theory. , 1974, The Psychoanalytic quarterly.

[7]  Melvin L. Snyder,et al.  Time Urgency and the Type A Coronary‐Prone Behavior Pattern1 , 1974 .

[8]  E. Erikson,et al.  The Problem of Ego Identity , 1956, Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association.

[9]  T. Pettit Anality and time. , 1969, Journal of consulting and clinical psychology.

[10]  M. Miller TIME AND THE CHARACTER DISORDER. , 1964, Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease.

[11]  R. Sternberg,et al.  People's conceptions of intelligence. , 1981 .

[12]  L. Doob,et al.  Patterning of time , 1971 .

[13]  J. Piaget,et al.  The Child's Conception of the World , 1971 .

[14]  P. F. Colaizzi Psychological research as the phenomenologist views it , 1978 .

[15]  D. Ingram Time and timekeeping in psychoanalysis and psychotherapy , 1979, American journal of psychoanalysis.

[16]  Mark King,et al.  Existential-phenomenological alternatives for psychology. , 1978 .

[17]  E. Keen Three Faces of Being: Toward an Existential Clinical Psychology , 1970 .

[18]  R. Kastenbaum The direction of time perspective. I. The influence of affective set. , 1965, The Journal of general psychology.

[19]  P R Yarnold,et al.  Time urgency among coronary-prone individuals. , 1982, Journal of abnormal psychology.

[20]  B. Freedman The subjective experience of perceptual and cognitive disturbances in schizophrenia. A review of autobiographical accounts. , 1974, Archives of general psychiatry.

[21]  R. H. Knapp,et al.  Time imagery and the achievement motive1 , 1958 .

[22]  S. I. Cohen,et al.  THE EFFECT OF DEPRESSIVE ILLNESS ON TIME JUDGMENT AND TIME EXPERIENCE , 1961, Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry.

[23]  I. Philips The Psychological Birth of the Human Infant , 1976 .

[24]  P. Fraisse The psychology of time , 1963 .

[25]  A. Wessman,et al.  Personality and the subjective experience of time. , 1973, Journal of personality assessment.

[26]  Joseph W. Sprug,et al.  Time Research: 1,172 Studies , 1975 .

[27]  Willy Lens,et al.  Academic Achievement and Future Time Perspective as a Cognitive-Motivational Concept , 1982 .

[28]  S. Yates Some aspects of time difficulties and their relation to music. , 1935 .

[29]  L. A. Peplau,et al.  Perceived dimensions of attributions for loneliness. , 1982, Journal of personality and social psychology.

[30]  M. Seeman Time and Schizophrenia. , 1976, Psychiatry.