Statistical mechanical theory for nonuniform fluids. II. Hard‐sphere fluid in the presence of an external field

In Part I of this study, we extended a formal theory for the statistical mechanics of a nonuniform classical fluid to the hard‐sphere fluid system and developed a perturbation theory of nonuniform simple fluids. In this paper, we apply our theory to the problem of the soft‐wall/hard‐sphere fluid interface by solving for the external potential required to yield the known hard‐sphere fluid density in contact with a structureless 9–3 soft repulsive wall potential. We find excellent agreement between the solution for the external potential and the 9–3 wall potential. Using the ’’local density approximation,’’ the comparison shows poor agreement.

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