Gateway for Inhaled Antigens Respiratory M Cells as an Alternative The Airway Antigen Sampling System:

In this study, we demonstrated a new airway Ag sampling site by analyzing tissue sections of the murine nasal passages. We revealed the presence of respiratory M cells, which had the ability to take up OVA and recombinant Salmonella typhimurium expressing GFP, in the turbinates covered with single-layer epithelium. These M cells were also capable of taking up respiratory pathogen group A Streptococcus after nasal challenge. Inhibitor of DNA binding/differentiation 2 (Id2)-deficient mice, which are deficient in lymphoid tissues, including nasopharynx-associated lymphoid tissue, had a similar frequency of M cell clusters in their nasal epithelia to that of their littermates, Id2 +/ 2 mice. The titers of Ag-specific Abs were as high in Id2 2 / 2 mice as in Id2 +/ 2 mice after nasal immunization with recombinant Salmonella -ToxC or group A Streptococcus , indicating that respiratory M cells were capable of sampling inhaled bacterial Ag to initiate an Ag-specific immune response. Taken together, these findings suggest that respiratory M cells act as a nasopharynx-associated lymphoid tissue-independent alternative gateway for Ag sampling and subsequent induction of Ag-specific immune responses in the upper respiratory tract. The Journal of Immunology , 2011, 186: 000–000. immune special gateways, M cells, which are located in the epithelium overlying MALT follicles as nasopharynx-associated

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