ANMCO (Italian Association of Hospital Cardiologists) scientific statement: obesity in adults—an approach for cardiologists

[1]  G. A. Bray.  Beyond BMI , 2023, Nutrients.

[2]  Akshay S. Desai,et al.  Anthropometric measures and adverse outcomes in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction: revisiting the obesity paradox , 2023, European heart journal.

[3]  D. Ryan,et al.  Prioritizing obesity treatment: expanding the role of cardiologists to improve cardiovascular health and outcomes , 2023, Cardiovascular endocrinology & metabolism.

[4]  Yan Yao,et al.  Obesity and sudden cardiac death: Prevalence, pathogenesis, prevention and intervention , 2022, Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology.

[5]  Yu-Hsiang Hsu,et al.  Interferon Family Cytokines in Obesity and Insulin Sensitivity , 2022, Cells.

[6]  R. Noordam,et al.  Obesity, Fat Distribution and Risk of Cancer in Women and Men: A Mendelian Randomisation Study , 2022, Nutrients.

[7]  Y. Hao,et al.  Risk of Heart Failure between Different Metabolic States of Health and Weight: A Meta-Analysis of Cohort Studies , 2022, Nutrients.

[8]  J. Holst,et al.  New therapies for obesity , 2022, Cardiovascular research.

[9]  C. Collins,et al.  EASO and EFAD Position Statement on Medical Nutrition Therapy for the Management of Overweight and Obesity in Children and Adolescents , 2022, Obesity Facts.

[10]  H. Bays,et al.  Sleep-disordered breathing, sleep apnea, and other obesity-related sleep disorders: An Obesity Medicine Association (OMA) Clinical Practice Statement (CPS) 2022 , 2022, Obesity Pillars.

[11]  W. Almahmeed,et al.  Obesity and cardiovascular disease: mechanistic insights and management strategies. A joint position paper by the World Heart Federation and World Obesity Federation. , 2022, European journal of preventive cardiology.

[12]  R. Batterham,et al.  Effective strategies in ending weight stigma in healthcare , 2022, Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity.

[13]  P. Cuijpers,et al.  Body Mass Index and risk for onset of mood and anxiety disorders in the general population: Results from the Netherlands Mental Health Survey and Incidence Study-2 (NEMESIS-2) , 2022, BMC Psychiatry.

[14]  M. Krashes,et al.  Acts of appetite: neural circuits governing the appetitive, consummatory, and terminating phases of feeding , 2022, Nature Metabolism.

[15]  G. Palma,et al.  Adipose Tissue Inflammation and Pulmonary Dysfunction in Obesity , 2022, International journal of molecular sciences.

[16]  J. Ruskin,et al.  The Impact of Obesity on Sudden Cardiac Death Risk , 2022, Current Cardiology Reports.

[17]  M. Ruchała,et al.  Selected Organ and Endocrine Complications According to BMI and the Metabolic Category of Obesity: A Single Endocrine Center Study , 2022, Nutrients.

[18]  D. Volkert,et al.  Definition and Diagnostic Criteria for Sarcopenic Obesity: ESPEN and EASO Consensus Statement , 2022, Obesity Facts.

[19]  D. Volkert,et al.  Definition and diagnostic criteria for sarcopenic obesity: ESPEN and EASO consensus statement. , 2022, Clinical nutrition.

[20]  Yi Dang,et al.  Development of a nomogram for the prediction of in-hospital mortality in patients with acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction after primary percutaneous coronary intervention: a multicentre, retrospective, observational study in Hebei province, China , 2022, BMJ Open.

[21]  C. Held,et al.  Body Mass Index and Association With Cardiovascular Outcomes in Patients With Stable Coronary Heart Disease – A STABILITY Substudy , 2022, Journal of the American Heart Association.

[22]  K. Suk,et al.  Hypothalamic inflammation in metabolic disorders and aging , 2021, Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences.

[23]  A. Bhuiyan,et al.  Association and Risk Factors for Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Cardiovascular Diseases: A Systematic Review , 2021, Diseases.

[24]  L. C. Woods,et al.  Genetic Variation in Satiety Signaling and Hypothalamic Inflammation: Merging Fields for the Study of Obesity. , 2021, The Journal of nutritional biochemistry.

[25]  Arya M. Sharma,et al.  Using the Edmonton Obesity Staging System in the real world: a feasibility study based on cross-sectional data , 2021, CMAJ open.

[26]  W. Banks.  Leptin and the Blood-Brain Barrier: Curiosities and Controversies. , 2021, Comprehensive Physiology.

[27]  L. Donini,et al.  Direct Oral Anticoagulants in Patients with Obesity and Atrial Fibrillation: Position Paper of Italian National Association of Hospital Cardiologists (ANMCO) , 2021, Journal of clinical medicine.

[28]  J. McMurray,et al.  2021 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure. , 2021, European heart journal.

[29]  P. Calverley,et al.  Mortality and Exacerbation Risk by Body Mass Index in Patients with COPD in TIOSPIR and UPLIFT , 2021, Annals of the American Thoracic Society.

[30]  F. Martinez,et al.  Challenging the obesity paradox: extreme obesity and COPD mortality in the SUMMIT trial , 2021, ERJ Open Research.

[31]  M. Almeida,et al.  Biochemical and immunological changes in obesity. , 2021, Archives of biochemistry and biophysics.

[32]  Jun Ren,et al.  Obesity cardiomyopathy: evidence, mechanisms, and therapeutic implications , 2021, Physiological reviews.

[33]  Chiadi E. Ndumele,et al.  Obesity and Cardiovascular Disease: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association , 2021, Circulation.

[34]  Brian J. Bennett,et al.  Genetic Background Shapes Phenotypic Response to Diet for Adiposity in the Collaborative Cross , 2021, Frontiers in Genetics.

[35]  G. Mastorakos,et al.  Hypothalamic Inflammation as a Potential Pathophysiologic Basis for the Heterogeneity of Clinical, Hormonal, and Metabolic Presentation in PCOS , 2021, Nutrients.

[36]  Hany Akeel Al-hussaniy,et al.  Leptin hormone and its effectiveness in reproduction, metabolism, immunity, diabetes, hopes and ambitions , 2021, Journal of Medicine and Life.

[37]  Jeroen J. Bax,et al.  2020 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of atrial fibrillation developed in collaboration with the European Association of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (EACTS). , 2020, European heart journal.

[38]  E. Atlantis,et al.  Usefulness of the Edmonton Obesity Staging System for stratifying the presence and severity of weight‐related health problems in clinical and community settings: A rapid review of observational studies , 2020, Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity.

[39]  M. Gagner,et al.  Obesity in adults: a clinical practice guideline , 2020, Canadian Medical Association Journal.

[40]  C. Lavie,et al.  Obesity and Coronary Heart Disease: Epidemiology, Pathology, and Coronary Artery Imaging. , 2020, Current problems in cardiology.

[41]  Christopher M. Mazzone,et al.  High fat food biases hypothalamic and mesolimbic expression of consummatory drives , 2020, Nature Neuroscience.

[42]  A. Sartorio,et al.  Accuracy of Different Indexes of Body Composition and Adiposity in Identifying Metabolic Syndrome in Adult Subjects with Prader-Willi Syndrome , 2020, Journal of clinical medicine.

[43]  J. Després,et al.  Obesity Phenotypes, Diabetes, and Cardiovascular Diseases. , 2020, Circulation research.

[44]  M. R. Jamali,et al.  Relationship between body mass index, risk of venous thromboembolism and pulmonary embolism: A systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of cohort studies among four million participants. , 2020, Thrombosis research.

[45]  Min-Seon Kim,et al.  Cellular Contributors to Hypothalamic Inflammation in Obesity , 2020, Molecules and cells.

[46]  L. Donini,et al.  Obesity or BMI Paradox? Beneath the Tip of the Iceberg , 2020, Frontiers in Nutrition.

[47]  M. Blüher.  Metabolically Healthy Obesity , 2020, Endocrine reviews.

[48]  K. Ejima,et al.  Comparing the Ability of Two Comprehensive Clinical Staging Systems to Predict Mortality: EOSS and CMDS , 2020, Obesity.

[49]  O. Dekkers,et al.  European Society of Endocrinology Clinical Practice Guideline: Endocrine work-up in obesity. , 2020, European journal of endocrinology.

[50]  R. Pfeiffer,et al.  Impact of Overweight and Obesity on US Papillary Thyroid Cancer Incidence Trends (1995–2015) , 2019, Journal of the National Cancer Institute.

[51]  R. Weiner,et al.  The Edmonton Obesity Staging System Predicts Perioperative Complications and Procedure Choice in Obesity and Metabolic Surgery-a German Nationwide Register-Based Cohort Study (StuDoQ|MBE). , 2019, Obesity surgery.

[52]  E. Bendavid,et al.  The overweight and obesity transition from the wealthy to the poor in low- and middle-income countries: A survey of household data from 103 countries , 2019, PLoS medicine.

[53]  C. Reid,et al.  Association of Body Mass Index and Extreme Obesity With Long‐Term Outcomes Following Percutaneous Coronary Intervention , 2019, Journal of the American Heart Association.

[54]  F. Hu,et al.  Visceral and ectopic fat, atherosclerosis, and cardiometabolic disease: a position statement. , 2019, The lancet. Diabetes & endocrinology.

[55]  F. Fonseca,et al.  Cardiovascular risk and obesity , 2019, Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome.

[56]  John P H Wilding,et al.  Should obesity be recognised as a disease? , 2019, BMJ.

[57]  P. Scherer,et al.  Beyond adiponectin and leptin: adipose tissue-derived mediators of inter-organ communication , 2019, Journal of Lipid Research.

[58]  C. Lavie,et al.  Obesity paradox in cardiovascular disease: where do we stand? , 2019, Vascular health and risk management.

[59]  C. Ling,et al.  Epigenetics in Human Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes , 2019, Cell metabolism.

[60]  P. Formisano,et al.  Adipose Tissue Dysfunction as Determinant of Obesity-Associated Metabolic Complications , 2019, International journal of molecular sciences.

[61]  Ki Woo Kim,et al.  Hypothalamic inflammation and obesity: a mechanistic review , 2019, Archives of Pharmacal Research.

[62]  Arya M. Sharma,et al.  A comprehensive diagnostic approach to detect underlying causes of obesity in adults , 2019, Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity.

[63]  A. Palou,et al.  A Genetic Score of Predisposition to Low-Grade Inflammation Associated with Obesity May Contribute to Discern Population at Risk for Metabolic Syndrome , 2019, Nutrients.

[64]  P. Lambiase,et al.  Obesity and Atrial Fibrillation: Epidemiology, Pathophysiology and Novel Therapeutic Opportunities , 2018, Arrhythmia & electrophysiology review.

[65]  W. Shen,et al.  How to best assess abdominal obesity , 2018, Current opinion in clinical nutrition and metabolic care.

[66]  A. Dobrowolska,et al.  Obesity and inflammation , 2018, European Cytokine Network.

[67]  A. Walley,et al.  Genetics of Severe Obesity , 2018, Current Diabetes Reports.

[68]  A. Pandey,et al.  An Overview and Update on Obesity and the Obesity Paradox in Cardiovascular Diseases. , 2018, Progress in cardiovascular diseases.

[69]  M. Alpert,et al.  Obesity and Cardiac Remodeling in Adults: Mechanisms and Clinical Implications. , 2018, Progress in cardiovascular diseases.

[70]  R. Judd,et al.  Adiponectin Regulation and Function. , 2018, Comprehensive Physiology.

[71]  G. Colditz,et al.  The Plausibility of Obesity Paradox in Cancer-Point. , 2018, Cancer research.

[72]  S. Heymsfield,et al.  Obesity as a Disease, Not a Behavior. , 2018, Circulation.

[73]  R. Loos,et al.  The genetics of adiposity. , 2018, Current opinion in genetics & development.

[74]  E. Riboli,et al.  Body mass index, abdominal fatness, and the risk of sudden cardiac death: a systematic review and dose–response meta-analysis of prospective studies , 2018, European Journal of Epidemiology.

[75]  R. Sinha.  Role of addiction and stress neurobiology on food intake and obesity , 2018, Biological Psychology.

[76]  Marta M. Marques,et al.  Health Behavior Change for Obesity Management , 2017, Obesity Facts.

[77]  P. Severi,et al.  The relationship between obesity and hypertension: an updated comprehensive overview on vicious twins , 2017, Hypertension Research.

[78]  M. Goodarzi.  Genetics of obesity: what genetic association studies have taught us about the biology of obesity and its complications. , 2017, The lancet. Diabetes & endocrinology.

[79]  C. Cansell,et al.  Hypothalamic Inflammation and Energy Balance Disruptions: Spotlight on Chemokines , 2017, Front. Endocrinol..

[80]  Si‐Hyuck Kang,et al.  Atrial fibrillation risk in metabolically healthy obesity: A nationwide population-based study. , 2017, International journal of cardiology.

[81]  Joshua A. Salomon,et al.  Health Effects of Overweight and Obesity in 195 Countries over 25 Years. , 2017, The New England journal of medicine.

[82]  P. Rosenstiel,et al.  Hypothalamic Inflammation in Human Obesity Is Mediated by Environmental and Genetic Factors , 2017, Diabetes.

[83]  P. Cohen,et al.  Insights into the Link Between Obesity and Cancer , 2017, Current Obesity Reports.

[84]  K. Rahmouni,et al.  The cellular and molecular bases of leptin and ghrelin resistance in obesity , 2017, Nature Reviews Endocrinology.

[85]  K. Westerterp,et al.  Energy balance and obesity: what are the main drivers? , 2017, Cancer Causes & Control.

[86]  J. Brüning,et al.  Hypothalamic inflammation in obesity and metabolic disease , 2017, The Journal of clinical investigation.

[87]  J. Buring,et al.  Body Mass Index, Waist Circumference, Diabetes, and Risk of Liver Cancer for U.S. Adults. , 2016, Cancer research.

[88]  E. Oikonomou,et al.  From the BMI paradox to the obesity paradox: the obesity–mortality association in coronary heart disease , 2016, Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity.

[89]  A. Renehan,et al.  The Obesity Paradox in Cancer: a Review , 2016, Current Oncology Reports.

[90]  A. Garber,et al.  AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGISTS AND AMERICAN COLLEGE OF ENDOCRINOLOGY COMPREHENSIVE CLINICAL PRACTICE GUIDELINES FOR MEDICAL CARE OF PATIENTS WITH OBESITY. , 2016, Endocrine practice : official journal of the American College of Endocrinology and the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists.

[91]  Vijay L Kumar,et al.  Obesity and osteoarthritis. , 2016, Maturitas.

[92]  Jia Shi,et al.  Prolonged and intensive medication use are associated with the obesity paradox after percutaneous coronary intervention: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 12 studies , 2016, BMC Cardiovascular Disorders.

[93]  D. Meyre,et al.  Recent progress in genetics, epigenetics and metagenomics unveils the pathophysiology of human obesity. , 2016, Clinical science.

[94]  K. Walsh,et al.  Obesity-Induced Changes in Adipose Tissue Microenvironment and Their Impact on Cardiovascular Disease. , 2016, Circulation research.

[95]  A. Sabbag,et al.  Body mass index and the risk of new-onset atrial fibrillation in middle-aged adults. , 2016, American heart journal.

[96]  J. Heit,et al.  The epidemiology of venous thromboembolism , 2016, Journal of Thrombosis and Thrombolysis.

[97]  T. Horvath,et al.  Neuronal Regulation of Energy Homeostasis: Beyond the Hypothalamus and Feeding. , 2015, Cell metabolism.

[98]  Luca Busetto,et al.  European Guidelines for Obesity Management in Adults , 2015, Obesity Facts.

[99]  Craig J. Beavers,et al.  Obesity and Antiplatelets-Does One Size Fit All? , 2015, Thrombosis research.

[100]  D. Cook,et al.  Body mass index in early and middle adult life: prospective associations with myocardial infarction, stroke and diabetes over a 30-year period: the British Regional Heart Study , 2015, BMJ Open.

[101]  R. Glynn,et al.  Prospective study of body size throughout the life‐course and the incidence of endometrial cancer among premenopausal and postmenopausal women , 2015, International journal of cancer.

[102]  J. Speakman,et al.  A dose‐response meta‐analysis of the impact of body mass index on stroke and all‐cause mortality in stroke patients: a paradox within a paradox , 2015, Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity.

[103]  I. Farooqi,et al.  The Hunger Genes: Pathways to Obesity , 2015, Cell.

[104]  Ross M. Fraser,et al.  Genetic studies of body mass index yield new insights for obesity biology , 2015, Nature.

[105]  H. Yasunaga,et al.  Paradoxical association between body mass index and in-hospital mortality in elderly patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in Japan , 2014, International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

[106]  A. Bertoni,et al.  Mechanisms of heart failure in obesity. , 2014, Obesity research & clinical practice.

[107]  L. Polonski,et al.  The obesity paradox in acute coronary syndrome: a meta-analysis , 2014, European Journal of Epidemiology.

[108]  R. Leibel,et al.  A missing link in body weight homeostasis: the catabolic signal of the overfed state. , 2014, Cell metabolism.

[109]  Yinghua Xu,et al.  Body mass index and risk of renal cell cancer: A dose‐response meta‐analysis of published cohort studies , 2014, International journal of cancer.

[110]  L. Vatten,et al.  Body mass index and the risk of gout: a systematic review and dose–response meta-analysis of prospective studies , 2014, European Journal of Nutrition.

[111]  F. Hu,et al.  2013 AHA/ACC/TOS guideline for the management of overweight and obesity in adults: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines and The Obesity Society. , 2014, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[112]  Z. Derdák,et al.  Obesity-associated mechanisms of hepatocarcinogenesis. , 2014, Metabolism: clinical and experimental.

[113]  L. Kuller,et al.  Hypertension and Obesity and the Risk of Kidney Cancer in 2 Large Cohorts of US Men and Women , 2014, Hypertension.

[114]  P. Ridker,et al.  Predisposing Factors Associated With Development of Persistent Compared With Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation , 2014, Journal of the American Heart Association.

[115]  M. Pencina,et al.  Prognostic value of PET myocardial perfusion imaging in obese patients. , 2014, JACC. Cardiovascular imaging.

[116]  T. Horvath,et al.  Neonatal Insulin Action Impairs Hypothalamic Neurocircuit Formation in Response to Maternal High-Fat Feeding , 2014, Cell.

[117]  Janusz Wnek,et al.  2013 AHA/ACC/TOS Guideline for the Management of Overweight and Obesity in Adults , 2013, Circulation.

[118]  W. Garvey,et al.  The Progression of Cardiometabolic Disease: Validation of a New Cardiometabolic Disease Staging System Applicable to Obesity , 2013, Obesity.

[119]  M. Neely,et al.  In-hospital outcomes of percutaneous coronary interventions in extremely obese and normal-weight patients: findings from the NCDR (National Cardiovascular Data Registry). , 2013, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[120]  M. Pike,et al.  Type I and II endometrial cancers: have they different risk factors? , 2013, Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology.

[121]  J. Brüning,et al.  Perinatal programming of metabolic diseases: role of insulin in the development of hypothalamic neurocircuits. , 2013, Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America.

[122]  R. Toni,et al.  Functional Anatomy of the Hypothalamus and Pituitary , 2013 .

[123]  Yongzhi Yang,et al.  Obesity and Risk of Colorectal Cancer: A Systematic Review of Prospective Studies , 2013, PloS one.

[124]  K. Flegal,et al.  Association of all-cause mortality with overweight and obesity using standard body mass index categories: a systematic review and meta-analysis. , 2013, JAMA.

[125]  N. Freedman,et al.  Body mass index in relation to oesophageal and oesophagogastric junction adenocarcinomas: a pooled analysis from the International BEACON Consortium , 2012, International journal of epidemiology.

[126]  M. Panuel,et al.  VAT=TAAT-SAAT: Innovative Anthropometric Model to Predict Visceral Adipose Tissue Without Resort to CT-Scan or DXA , 2012, Obesity.

[127]  Jianjun Luo,et al.  Excess body weight and the risk of primary liver cancer: an updated meta-analysis of prospective studies. , 2012, European journal of cancer.

[128]  J. Pankow,et al.  Association of weight status with mortality in adults with incident diabetes. , 2012, JAMA.

[129]  R. Loos.  Genetic determinants of common obesity and their value in prediction. , 2012, Best practice & research. Clinical endocrinology & metabolism.

[130]  M. Zeegers,et al.  Heritability of body mass index in pre-adolescence, young adulthood and late adulthood , 2012, European Journal of Epidemiology.

[131]  M. Dietrich,et al.  Obesity is associated with hypothalamic injury in rodents and humans. , 2012, The Journal of clinical investigation.

[132]  Goutham Rao,et al.  Assessing adiposity: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. , 2011, Circulation.

[133]  D. Allison,et al.  Using the Edmonton obesity staging system to predict mortality in a population-representative cohort of people with overweight and obesity , 2011, Canadian Medical Association Journal.

[134]  P. A. van den Brandt,et al.  A pooled analysis of 14 cohort studies of anthropometric factors and pancreatic cancer risk , 2011, International journal of cancer.

[135]  H. Bays.  Adiposopathy is "sick fat" a cardiovascular disease? , 2011, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[136]  E. Aasheim,et al.  Assessment of obesity beyond body mass index to determine benefit of treatment , 2011, Clinical obesity.

[137]  M. D. de Courten,et al.  The magnitude of association between overweight and obesity and the risk of diabetes: a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. , 2010, Diabetes research and clinical practice.

[138]  D. Solmaz,et al.  The Levels of Soluble CD40 Ligand and C-Reactive Protein in Normal Weight, Overweight and Obese People , 2010, Clinical Medicine & Research.

[139]  J. Manson,et al.  The long- and short-term impact of elevated body mass index on the risk of new atrial fibrillation the WHS (women's health study). , 2010, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[140]  G. Colditz,et al.  Obesity and Cancer , 2010, The oncologist.

[141]  Theo Stijnen,et al.  Overweight, obesity, and depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal studies. , 2010, Archives of general psychiatry.

[142]  C. Mantzoros,et al.  Narrative Review: The Role of Leptin in Human Physiology: Emerging Clinical Applications , 2010, Annals of Internal Medicine.

[143]  M. Ibrahim.  Subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue: structural and functional differences , 2010, Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity.

[144]  H. Katus,et al.  The obesity paradox in stable chronic heart failure does not persist after matching for indicators of disease severity and confounders , 2009, European journal of heart failure.

[145]  G. Augello,et al.  Heart rate behavior during an exercise stress test in obese patients. , 2009, Nutrition, metabolism, and cardiovascular diseases : NMCD.

[146]  Arya M. Sharma,et al.  A proposed clinical staging system for obesity , 2009, International Journal of Obesity.

[147]  G. Howie,et al.  Maternal nutritional history predicts obesity in adult offspring independent of postnatal diet , 2009, The Journal of physiology.

[148]  P. Scherer,et al.  The adipocyte as an endocrine cell. , 2008, Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America.

[149]  J. Kaprio,et al.  Heritability of body size and muscle strength in young adulthood: a study of one million Swedish men , 2008, Genetic epidemiology.

[150]  Nick Finer,et al.  Management of Obesity in Adults: European Clinical Practice Guidelines , 2008, Obesity Facts.

[151]  A. Must,et al.  Obesity and psychopathology in women: a three decade prospective study , 2008, International Journal of Obesity.

[152]  M. Zwahlen,et al.  Body-mass index and incidence of cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective observational studies , 2008, The Lancet.

[153]  F. Hu,et al.  Association of overweight with increased risk of coronary heart disease partly independent of blood pressure and cholesterol levels: a meta-analysis of 21 cohort studies including more than 300 000 persons. , 2007, Archives of internal medicine.

[154]  Claude Bouchard,et al.  Effects of bariatric surgery on mortality in Swedish obese subjects. , 2007, The New England journal of medicine.

[155]  J. Connell,et al.  The link between abdominal obesity, metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease. , 2007, Nutrition, metabolism, and cardiovascular diseases : NMCD.

[156]  I. Lemieux,et al.  Abdominal obesity and metabolic syndrome , 2006, Nature.

[157]  C. Grilo.  Eating and Weight Disorders , 2006 .

[158]  V. Montori,et al.  Association of bodyweight with total mortality and with cardiovascular events in coronary artery disease: a systematic review of cohort studies , 2006, The Lancet.

[159]  John O. Prior,et al.  Relationship between increasing body weight, insulin resistance, inflammation, adipocytokine leptin, and coronary circulatory function. , 2006, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[160]  C. Nishida,et al.  Appropriate body-mass index for Asian populations and its implications for policy and intervention strategies , 2004, The Lancet.

[161]  C. Bulpitt.  Overview , 2001 .

[162]  M. Nakazato,et al.  A role for ghrelin in the central regulation of feeding , 2001, Nature.

[163]  C Nuñez,et al.  Evidence for Independent Genetic Influences on Fat Mass and Body Mass Index in a Pediatric Twin Sample , 1999, Pediatrics.

[164]  Rene Devos,et al.  Identification and expression cloning of a leptin receptor, OB-R , 1995, Cell.

[165]  M. Maffei,et al.  Positional cloning of the mouse obese gene and its human homologue , 1994, Nature.

[166]  T. Treasure,et al.  AGE AND OBESITY AS RISK FACTORS IN PERIOPERATIVE ATRIAL FIBRILLATION , 1988, The Lancet.

[167]  J. Amaral,et al.  Gallbladder disease in the morbidly obese. , 1985, American journal of surgery.

[168]  P. Teitelbaum,et al.  Hypothalamic Control of Feeding and Self-Stimulation , 1962, Science.

[169]  J. Brobeck.  Neural Control of Hunger, Appetite, and Satiety ** , 1957, The Yale journal of biology and medicine.

[170]  R. Henning.  Obesity and obesity-induced inflammatory disease contribute to atherosclerosis: a review of the pathophysiology and treatment of obesity. , 2021, American journal of cardiovascular disease.

[171]  A. Engin.  Endothelial Dysfunction in Obesity. , 2017, Advances in experimental medicine and biology.

[172]  V. Thaker,et al.  GENETIC AND EPIGENETIC CAUSES OF OBESITY. , 2017, Adolescent medicine: state of the art reviews.

[173]  A. Engin,et al.  The Definition and Prevalence of Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome. , 2017, Advances in experimental medicine and biology.

[174]  C. Lavie,et al.  Healthy obese versus unhealthy lean: the obesity paradox , 2015, Nature Reviews Endocrinology.

[175]  Ankit Mehra,et al.  Impact of obesity and weight loss on cardiac performance and morphology in adults. , 2014, Progress in cardiovascular diseases.

[176]  A. Rundle,et al.  Comparison of anthropometric and body composition measures as predictors of components of the metabolic syndrome in a clinical setting. , 2013, Obesity research & clinical practice.

[177]  K. Grove,et al.  Metabolic imprinting in obesity. , 2010, Forum of nutrition.

[178]  R. Türck,et al.  REGIONAL OFFICE FOR EUROPE , 2002 .

[179]  D. Gianakos,et al.  Conversations with Stella. , 1999, Annals of internal medicine.

[180]  Jimmy D Bell,et al.  Advanced body composition assessment: from body mass index to body composition profiling , 2022 .