3-D BIODYNAMIC CONSTRAINT CONDITIONS WITH THREE SEGMENTS AND TWO ARTICULATING JOINTS ON THE HUMAN KNEE

In the paper, the 3-D biodynamic constraint conditions with three-segments (femur-patella-tibia) and two articulating joints (patellofemoral joint and tibiaofemoral joint) on the human knee are established. These constraint conditions of motion accommodate two situations: a two-point and a single-point contact on the patellofemoral joint and tibiaofemoral joint. On the other word, the present constraint modeling includes both rolling and sliding motions between the patella-femoral joint and tibia-femoral joint. This study can be explored a realistically 3-D biodynamic modeling of the human knee joint or human lower extremity.