A model of the translational apparatus based on a three-dimensional reconstruction of the Escherichia coli ribosome.

The morphology of the Escherichia coli ribosome, i.e., its shape at moderate to low (20-40 A (1 A = 0.1 nm)) resolution, provides important constraints in modeling both the folding of ribosomal RNA and the translational process. A new reconstruction, obtained by low-dose cryoelectron microscopy and image processing of single ribosomes, contains clues to the way in which the ribosome interacts with the key functional ligands: the mRNA and the A- and P-site tRNAs. It also suggests possible pathways of the nascent polypeptide chain. From an interpretation of these clues in the light of existing knowledge, a plausible model for the locations and interactions of key components of protein synthesis is suggested.

[1]  T S Baker,et al.  Low resolution meets high: towards a resolution continuum from cells to atoms. , 1996, Current opinion in structural biology.

[2]  S Thirup,et al.  Crystal Structure of the Ternary Complex of Phe-tRNAPhe, EF-Tu, and a GTP Analog , 1995, Science.

[3]  J. Frank,et al.  A model of protein synthesis based on cryo-electron microscopy of the E. coli ribosome , 1995, Nature.

[4]  R. Brimacombe,et al.  The structure of ribosomal RNA: a three-dimensional jigsaw puzzle. , 1995, European journal of biochemistry.

[5]  O. W. Odom,et al.  The Importance of the N-terminal Segment for DnaJ-mediated Folding of Rhodanese While Bound to Ribosomes as Peptidyl-tRNA (*) , 1995, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[6]  S C Harvey,et al.  Orientations of transfer RNA in the ribosomal A and P sites. , 1994, Nucleic acids research.

[7]  S C Harvey,et al.  A quantitative model of the Escherichia coli 16 S RNA in the 30 S ribosomal subunit. , 1994, Journal of molecular biology.

[8]  D. Glitz,et al.  Tracing the path of messenger RNA on the Escherichia coli small ribosomal subunit. Immune electron microscopy using defined oligodeoxynucleotide analogs of mRNA. , 1994, The Journal of biological chemistry.

[9]  J. Frank,et al.  The ribosome at improved resolution: new techniques for merging and orientation refinement in 3D cryo-electron microscopy of biological particles. , 1994, Ultramicroscopy.

[10]  A. Pugsley The complete general secretory pathway in gram-negative bacteria. , 1993, Microbiological reviews.

[11]  R. H. Wade A brief look at imaging and contrast transfer , 1992 .

[12]  A. Spirin,et al.  How are tRNAs and mRNA arranged in the ribosome? An attempt to correlate the stereochemistry of the tRNA-mRNA interaction with constraints imposed by the ribosomal topography. , 1992, Nucleic acids research.

[13]  J. Frank,et al.  Three-dimensional reconstruction of the 70S Escherichia coli ribosome in ice: the distribution of ribosomal RNA , 1991, The Journal of cell biology.

[14]  J. Zou,et al.  Improved methods for building protein models in electron density maps and the location of errors in these models. , 1991, Acta crystallographica. Section A, Foundations of crystallography.

[15]  J. Lake,et al.  DNA-hybridization electron microscopy. Localization of five regions of 16 S rRNA on the surface of 30 S ribosomal subunits. , 1990, Journal of molecular biology.

[16]  A. Yonath,et al.  Challenging the three-dimensional structure of ribosomes. , 1989, Trends in biochemical sciences.

[17]  J. Frank,et al.  Direct localization of the tRNA--anticodon interaction site on the Escherichia coli 30 S ribosomal subunit by electron microscopy and computerized image averaging. , 1988, Journal of molecular biology.

[18]  A. Spirin,et al.  Does the channel for nascent peptide exist inside the ribosome? Immune electron microscopy study , 1988, FEBS letters.

[19]  A Yonath,et al.  A tunnel in the large ribosomal subunit revealed by three-dimensional image reconstruction. , 1987, Science.

[20]  J. Frank,et al.  Three‐dimensional reconstruction from a single‐exposure, random conical tilt series applied to the 50S ribosomal subunit of Escherichia coli , 1987, Journal of microscopy.

[21]  J. Frank,et al.  Three‐dimensional structure of the large ribosomal subunit from Escherichia coli. , 1987, The EMBO journal.

[22]  V. Vasiliev,et al.  Localization of elongation factor Tu on the ribosome , 1986, FEBS letters.

[23]  J. Lake,et al.  Elongation factor Tu localized on the exterior surface of the small ribosomal subunit. , 1986, Journal of molecular biology.

[24]  J Frank,et al.  Three-dimensional reconstruction of the 30 S ribosomal subunit from randomly oriented particles. , 1984, Journal of molecular biology.

[25]  J. Ofengand,et al.  High resolution localization of the tRNA anticodon interaction site on the Escherichia coli 30 S ribosomal subunit. , 1984, The Journal of biological chemistry.

[26]  J. Lake,et al.  Nascent polypeptide chains emerge from the exit domain of the large ribosomal subunit: immune mapping of the nascent chain. , 1982, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[27]  J Frank,et al.  Computer averaging of electron micrographs of 40S ribosomal subunits. , 1981, Science.

[28]  Y. Ovchinnikov,et al.  Localization of the elongation factor g on escherichia coli ribosome , 1981, FEBS letters.

[29]  J A Lake,et al.  Ribosome structure determined by electron microscopy of Escherichia coli small subunits, large subunits and monomeric ribosomes. , 1976, Journal of molecular biology.

[30]  O. W. Odom,et al.  Extension and Folding of Nascent Peptides on Ribosomes , 1993 .

[31]  J Frank,et al.  Three-dimensional reconstruction of single particles embedded in ice. , 1992, Ultramicroscopy.

[32]  J Frank,et al.  Studying ribosome structure by electron microscopy and computer-image processing. , 1988, Methods in enzymology.

[33]  A. Gnirke,et al.  Three tRNA Binding Sites Involved in the Ribosomal Elongation Cycle , 1986 .

[34]  A. Rich How Transfer RNA May Move Inside the Ribosome , 1974 .