Characteristics of disturbances in the laminar–turbulent transition of spherical Couette flow. 2. New disturbances observed for a medium gap

Supercritical flow in spherical Couette system with a rotating inner sphere and a fixed outer sphere has been investigated for a medium gap of the clearance ratio 0.206 in terms of the structure, wave-number, fundamental, and rotational frequencies of disturbances. Consequently, ring vortices and traveling letter-x-like waves were found within the Ekman-type secondary flow as new disturbances, in addition to Stuart vortices and shear waves. Also, interior waves were found within toroidal Taylor–Gortler (TG) vortices as a new disturbance, in addition to twists. Further, the wavy outflow boundary at the equator of the turbulent basic flow was found. Each ring vortex occurring successively around the pole moves toward the pole for one wavelength in the meridian direction (θ=10°) while it rotates for one wavelength in the azimuthal direction (φ=90°), because it has four traveling waves. The rotational direction of Stuart vortices is opposite to that of the inner sphere. The wave speed (rotation frequency) of ...

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