Reevaluation of Atlantic anchovies ( Engraulis encrasicolus ) as a main risk factor for 1 sensitization to zoonotic nematodes in Spain

Previous clinical studies pointed out the consumption of raw Engraulis encrasicolus in vinegar ((cid:147)boquerones(cid:148)) as the main potential risk source for anisakiosis and IgE sensitization to Anisakis in Spain. In a recent work that developed a quantitative risk assessment (QRA) model for the anchovy value chain in Spain, the number of predicted anisakiosis cases requiring medical attention was reported to be about 8000 per year. Conversely, most epidemiological surveys for this fish species taken from the Spanish markets showed parasite-free fish lots or parasite prevalence around 10%. We analyzed 956 anchovies collected on board from Spanish NE Atlantic grounds to re-evaluate the importance of this species as a potential source of risk exposure to zoonotic and allergy diseases. Epidemiological results revealed an overall mean prevalence for zoonotic nematodes (genera Anisakis and Hysterothylacium ) of 64.33% (14.75% in the flesh), ranging up to 87% (28.65%

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