Multiscale Skeletal Muscle Modeling: From Cellular Level to a Multi-segment Skeletal Muscle Model of the Upper Limb

Modeling the biomechanical behavior of the musculoskeletal system requires a multiscale modeling approach spanning several length and time scales. Within this paper, two skeletal muscle models are presented. The first model is an electromechanical skeletal muscle model that couples neurophysiological recruitment principles and electrochemical processes of a sarcomere to the mechanical behavior of a single skeletal muscle through a multiscale continuum-mechanical constitutive law. The second model combines principles of multi-body dynamics and principles of continuum mechanics and the finite element method to achieve the first three-dimensional forward-dynamics model of a musculoskeletal system. Both muscle models can be coupled together in future research to obtain an overall skeletal muscle model spanning from cellular processes to a musculoskeletal system.

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