OPEC: Daily Load Data Analysis Based on Optimized Evolutionary Clustering

Customers’ electricity consumption behavior can be studied from daily load data. Studying the daily load data for user behavior pattern analysis is an emerging research area in smart grid. Traditionally, the daily load data can be clustered into different clusters, to reveal the different categories of consumption. However, as user’s electricity consumption behavior changes over time, classical clustering algorithms are not suitable for tracing the changes, as they rebuild the clusters when clustering at any timestamp but never consider the relationship with the clusters in the previous state. To understand the changes of consumption behavior, we proposed an optimized evolutionary clustering (OPEC) algorithm, which optimized the existing evolutionary clustering algorithm by joining the Proper Restart (PR) Framework. OPEC relied on the basic fact that user’s energy consumption behavior would not abruptly change significantly, so the clusters would change progressively and remain similar in adjacent periods, except for an emergency. The newly added PR framework can deal with a situation where data changes dramatically in a short period of time, and where the former frameworks of evolutionary clustering do not work well. We evaluated the OPEC based on daily load data from Shanghai, China and the power load diagram data from UCI machine learning repository. We also carefully discussed the adjustment of the parameter in the optimized algorithm and gave an optimal value for reference. OPEC can be implemented to adapt to this situation and improve clustering quality. By understanding the changes of the users’ power consumption modes, we can detect abnormal power consumption behaviors, and also analyze the changing trend to improve the operations of the power system. This is significant for the regulation of peak load in the power grid. In addition, it can bring certain economic benefits to the operation of the power grid.

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