U. R. S. I. handbook of ionogram interpretation and reduction. (Second edition, November 1972) Revision of chapters 1-4

This manual provides instructions suitable for use at individual ionospheric stations forming the worldwide network. Basic theory, conventions, determination of hourly numerical values, daily tabulation of hourly values, topside sounder ionograms, Es parameters, and the f plot are discussed. The manual contains changes to, and is a reprint of, the first four chapters of the Second Edition of the URSI Handbook of Ionogram Interpretation and Reduction.