Astrocytes coordinate synaptic networks: balanced excitation and inhibition.

Although neurons are essential for brain function, an emerging alternative view holds that astrocytes, the dominant glial cell type, coordinate synaptic networks. Through the release of glutamate, astrocytes locally excite neurons, and via adenosine, which accumulates due to the hydrolysis of released ATP, astrocytes suppress distant synapses.

[1]  V. Tennyson.  The Fine Structure of the Nervous System. , 1970 .

[2]  M. Carpenter.  The Fine Structure of the Nervous System , 1970, Neurology.

[3]  References , 1971 .

[4]  Fang Liu,et al.  Glutamate-mediated astrocyte–neuron signalling , 1994, Nature.

[5]  R. Nicoll,et al.  Release of adenosine by activation of NMDA receptors in the hippocampus. , 1994, Science.

[6]  M. Nedergaard,et al.  Direct signaling from astrocytes to neurons in cultures of mammalian brain cells. , 1994, Science.

[7]  Martini,et al.  Role of , 1995, Physical review. B, Condensed matter.

[8]  T. Pozzan,et al.  Intracellular Calcium Oscillations in Astrocytes: A Highly Plastic, Bidirectional Form of Communication between Neurons and Astrocytes In Situ , 1997, The Journal of Neuroscience.

[9]  T. Dunwiddie,et al.  Adenine Nucleotides Undergo Rapid, Quantitative Conversion to Adenosine in the Extracellular Space in Rat Hippocampus , 1997, The Journal of Neuroscience.

[10]  A. Araque,et al.  Calcium Elevation in Astrocytes Causes an NMDA Receptor-Dependent Increase in the Frequency of Miniature Synaptic Currents in Cultured Hippocampal Neurons , 1998, The Journal of Neuroscience.

[11]  A. Araque,et al.  Glutamate‐dependent astrocyte modulation of synaptic transmission between cultured hippocampal neurons , 1998, The European journal of neuroscience.

[12]  S. Goldman,et al.  Astrocyte-mediated potentiation of inhibitory synaptic transmission , 1998, Nature Neuroscience.

[13]  R. Cunha,et al.  Inhibition by ATP of Hippocampal Synaptic Transmission Requires Localized Extracellular Catabolism by Ecto-Nucleotidases into Adenosine and Channeling to Adenosine A1 Receptors , 1998, The Journal of Neuroscience.

[14]  Tullio Pozzan,et al.  Prostaglandins stimulate calcium-dependent glutamate release in astrocytes , 1998, Nature.

[15]  A. Araque,et al.  Tripartite synapses: glia, the unacknowledged partner , 1999, Trends in Neurosciences.

[16]  G. Westbrook,et al.  The Incorporation of NMDA Receptors with a Distinct Subunit Composition at Nascent Hippocampal Synapses In Vitro , 1999, The Journal of Neuroscience.

[17]  S. B. Kater,et al.  ATP Released from Astrocytes Mediates Glial Calcium Waves , 1999, The Journal of Neuroscience.

[18]  G. Rumbaugh,et al.  Distinct Synaptic and Extrasynaptic NMDA Receptors in Developing Cerebellar Granule Neurons , 1999, The Journal of Neuroscience.

[19]  K. Harris,et al.  Three-Dimensional Relationships between Hippocampal Synapses and Astrocytes , 1999, The Journal of Neuroscience.

[20]  H. Parri,et al.  Spontaneous astrocytic Ca2+ oscillations in situ drive NMDAR-mediated neuronal excitation , 2001, Nature Neuroscience.

[21]  P. Haydon.  Glia: listening and talking to the synapse , 2001, Nature Reviews Neuroscience.

[22]  E. Newman,et al.  Propagation of Intercellular Calcium Waves in Retinal Astrocytes and Müller Cells , 2001, The Journal of Neuroscience.

[23]  H. Bading,et al.  Extrasynaptic NMDARs oppose synaptic NMDARs by triggering CREB shut-off and cell death pathways , 2002, Nature Neuroscience.

[24]  S. Koizumi,et al.  Spatial and temporal aspects of Ca2+ signaling mediated by P2Y receptors in cultured rat hippocampal astrocytes. , 2002, Life sciences.

[25]  L. Venance,et al.  Control and Plasticity of Intercellular Calcium Waves in Astrocytes: A Modeling Approach , 2002, The Journal of Neuroscience.

[26]  R. Fields,et al.  New insights into neuron-glia communication. , 2002, Science.

[27]  Mark Ellisman,et al.  Protoplasmic Astrocytes in CA1 Stratum Radiatum Occupy Separate Anatomical Domains , 2002, The Journal of Neuroscience.

[28]  M. Matteoli,et al.  Storage and Release of ATP from Astrocytes in Culture* , 2003, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[29]  Eric A Newman,et al.  Glial Cell Inhibition of Neurons by Release of ATP , 2003, The Journal of Neuroscience.

[30]  E. Newman.  New roles for astrocytes: Regulation of synaptic transmission , 2003, Trends in Neurosciences.

[31]  Richard Robitaille,et al.  Glial Cells and Neurotransmission An Inclusive View of Synaptic Function , 2003, Neuron.

[32]  Mu-ming Poo,et al.  ATP Released by Astrocytes Mediates Glutamatergic Activity-Dependent Heterosynaptic Suppression , 2003, Neuron.

[33]  V. Gundersen,et al.  Astrocytes contain a vesicular compartment that is competent for regulated exocytosis of glutamate , 2004, Nature Neuroscience.

[34]  Todd A Fiacco,et al.  Intracellular Astrocyte Calcium Waves In Situ Increase the Frequency of Spontaneous AMPA Receptor Currents in CA1 Pyramidal Neurons , 2004, The Journal of Neuroscience.

[35]  B. Barres,et al.  Role for glia in synaptogenesis , 2004, Glia.

[36]  B. Khakh,et al.  ATP Excites Interneurons and Astrocytes to Increase Synaptic Inhibition in Neuronal Networks , 2004, The Journal of Neuroscience.

[37]  G. Carmignoto,et al.  Neurone‐to‐astrocyte signalling in the brain represents a distinct multifunctional unit , 2004, The Journal of physiology.

[38]  Michael M. Halassa,et al.  Fusion-related Release of Glutamate from Astrocytes* , 2004, Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[39]  Christian Steinhäuser,et al.  Glial modulation of synaptic transmission in the hippocampus , 2004, Glia.

[40]  Mitsunori Fukuda,et al.  Synaptotagmin IV regulates glial glutamate release. , 2004, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[41]  Andrea Volterra,et al.  Glial control of synaptic function , 2004, Glia.

[42]  Kazuhide Inoue,et al.  Direct Excitation of Inhibitory Interneurons by Extracellular ATP Mediated by P2Y1 Receptors in the Hippocampal Slice , 2004, The Journal of Neuroscience.

[43]  M. C. Angulo,et al.  Glutamate Released from Glial Cells Synchronizes Neuronal Activity in the Hippocampus , 2004, The Journal of Neuroscience.

[44]  Maiken Nedergaard,et al.  Astrocyte-mediated activation of neuronal kainate receptors. , 2004, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[45]  G. Perea,et al.  Properties of Synaptically Evoked Astrocyte Calcium Signal Reveal Synaptic Information Processing by Astrocytes , 2005, The Journal of Neuroscience.

[46]  O. Godukhin,et al.  Role of the adenylate cyclase system in cholinergic modulation of synaptic transmission in the hippocampus , 2005, Neurophysiology.

[47]  J. Meldolesi,et al.  Astrocytes, from brain glue to communication elements: the revolution continues , 2005, Nature Reviews Neuroscience.

[48]  Neuronal Synchrony Mediated by Astrocytic Glutamate through Activation of Extrasynaptic NMDA Receptors , 2005, Neuron.

[49]  Grant R. Gordon,et al.  Norepinephrine triggers release of glial ATP to increase postsynaptic efficacy , 2005, Nature Neuroscience.

[50]  Cathryn L. Kubera,et al.  Astrocytic Purinergic Signaling Coordinates Synaptic Networks , 2005, Science.