An approach to the identification of network elements composing heterogeneous end-to-end paths

Today's networks are becoming increasingly complex and the ability to effectively and efficiently operate and manage them is ever more challenging. Ways to provide end-to-end Quality of Service have to cope with the increasing heterogeneity of these networks, which is due to the several actors of current network scenarios, from access networks to end-user devices, from protocols to applications and operating systems. Exploiting such heterogeneity, in this paper we present an approach to the identification of each element composing an end-to-end path. Such identification is useful in several situations. For instance, it can improve the performance of adaptive and network-aware applications, it can help intelligent routing approaches, and it can be used in network and service overlay scenarios. Our approach, based on Bayesian classifiers, utilizes the measurements and off-line processing of three QoS parameters, that are delay, jitter, and packet loss. To illustrate the capabilities of our proposal, we present the results of a large set of experimentations performed with both different sets of features and different sets of QoS parameters. Using measures related to various time periods, in which the considered paths presented diverse characteristics, we show that a blind identification of network bricks is possible and that its results present a good degree of generalizability.

[1]  Andrew W. Moore,et al.  Internet traffic classification using bayesian analysis techniques , 2005, SIGMETRICS '05.

[2]  Brian D. Noble System support for mobile, adaptive applications , 2000, IEEE Wirel. Commun..

[3]  Antonio Pescapè,et al.  Identification of Network Bricks in Heterogeneous Scenarios , 2006, Proceedings. 2006 31st IEEE Conference on Local Computer Networks.

[4]  D. W. Scott On optimal and data based histograms , 1979 .

[5]  Balachander Krishnamurthy,et al.  ATMEN: a triggered network measurement infrastructure , 2005, WWW '05.

[6]  Jean-Chrysostome Bolot,et al.  Characterizing End-to-End Packet Delay and Loss in the Internet , 1993, J. High Speed Networks.

[7]  Jason Lee,et al.  A network-aware distributed storage cache for data intensive environments , 1999, Proceedings. The Eighth International Symposium on High Performance Distributed Computing (Cat. No.99TH8469).

[8]  Randy H. Katz,et al.  OverQoS: An Overlay Based Architecture for Enhancing Internet QoS , 2004, NSDI.

[9]  Greg Taleck,et al.  Ambiguity Resolution via Passive OS Fingerprinting , 2003, RAID.

[10]  Masao Masugi,et al.  Study on appropriate voice data length of IP packets for VoIP network adjustment , 2002, Global Telecommunications Conference, 2002. GLOBECOM '02. IEEE.

[11]  Huai-Rong Shao,et al.  A new multi-path selection scheme for video streaming on overlay networks , 2004, 2004 IEEE International Conference on Communications (IEEE Cat. No.04CH37577).

[12]  Arthur P. Dempster,et al.  A Generalization of Bayesian Inference , 1968, Classic Works of the Dempster-Shafer Theory of Belief Functions.

[13]  张海涛,et al.  BN , 1994 .

[14]  Hari Balakrishnan,et al.  Resilient overlay networks , 2001, SOSP.

[15]  Donald F. Towsley,et al.  Estimation and removal of clock skew from network delay measurements , 1999, IEEE INFOCOM '99. Conference on Computer Communications. Proceedings. Eighteenth Annual Joint Conference of the IEEE Computer and Communications Societies. The Future is Now (Cat. No.99CH36320).

[16]  Vern Paxson,et al.  End-to-end Internet packet dynamics , 1997, SIGCOMM '97.

[17]  Donald F. Towsley,et al.  Detecting shared congestion of flows via end-to-end measurement , 2000, SIGMETRICS '00.

[18]  Donald F. Towsley,et al.  Identifying 802.11 Traffic from Passive Measurements Using Iterative Bayesian Inference , 2006, Proceedings IEEE INFOCOM 2006. 25TH IEEE International Conference on Computer Communications.

[19]  Sriram Ramabhadran,et al.  NetProfiler: Profiling Wide-Area Networks Using Peer Cooperation , 2005, IPTPS.

[20]  Ratul Mahajan,et al.  Measuring ISP topologies with Rocketfuel , 2004, IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking.

[21]  Sriram Ramabhadran,et al.  Client-based Characterization and Analysis of End-to-End Internet Faults , 2005 .

[22]  Hong Yan,et al.  A clean slate 4D approach to network control and management , 2005, CCRV.

[23]  Antonio Pescapè,et al.  An MDP-Based Approach for Multipath Data Transmission over Wireless Networks , 2008, 2008 IEEE International Conference on Communications.

[24]  D. Towsley,et al.  Correlation of Packet Delay and Loss in the Internet TITLE2 , 1998 .

[25]  Eric Hsiao-Kuang Wu,et al.  JTCP: jitter-based TCP for heterogeneous wireless networks , 2004, IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications.

[26]  Mark Claypool,et al.  The effects of jitter on the peceptual quality of video , 1999, MULTIMEDIA '99.

[27]  Wenyu Jiang,et al.  Modeling of Packet Loss and Delay and Their Effect on Real-Time Multimedia Service Quality , 2000 .

[28]  Cathy H. Xia,et al.  Clock synchronization algorithms for network measurements , 2002, Proceedings.Twenty-First Annual Joint Conference of the IEEE Computer and Communications Societies.

[29]  Michael S. Borella,et al.  Self-similarity of Internet packet delay , 1997, Proceedings of ICC'97 - International Conference on Communications.

[30]  Philip F. Chimento,et al.  IP Packet Delay Variation Metric for IP Performance Metrics (IPPM) , 2002, RFC.

[31]  David L. Mills,et al.  On the long-range dependence of packet round-trip delays in Internet , 1998, ICC '98. 1998 IEEE International Conference on Communications. Conference Record. Affiliated with SUPERCOMM'98 (Cat. No.98CH36220).

[32]  Anja Feldmann,et al.  Locating internet routing instabilities , 2004, SIGCOMM '04.

[33]  Ratul Mahajan,et al.  Colt ? ? ? ? ? ? ◦ DTAG ? ◦ • ◦ ? ? ? ? ! ◦ ? ? ? ◦ ◦ ? ? Eqip ? ? ? ? ? ? , 2003 .

[34]  Eddie Kohler,et al.  MultiQ: automated detection of multiple bottleneck capacities along a path , 2004, IMC '04.

[35]  Ratul Mahajan,et al.  The causes of path inflation , 2003, SIGCOMM '03.

[36]  G. Ventre,et al.  On the Statistics of QoS Parameters over Heterogeneous Networks , 2006 .

[37]  Zhuoqing Morley Mao,et al.  Network support for mobile multimedia using a self-adaptive distributed proxy , 2001, NOSSDAV '01.

[38]  Prasant Mohapatra,et al.  QRON: QoS-aware routing in overlay networks , 2004, IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications.

[39]  Matthew C. Caesar,et al.  Towards Localizing Root Causes of BGP Dynamics , 2003 .

[40]  Antonio Pescapè,et al.  MagNets - experiences from deploying a joint research-operational next-generation wireless access network testbed , 2007, 2007 3rd International Conference on Testbeds and Research Infrastructure for the Development of Networks and Communities.

[41]  Helen J. Wang,et al.  Server-based inference of Internet link lossiness , 2003, IEEE INFOCOM 2003. Twenty-second Annual Joint Conference of the IEEE Computer and Communications Societies (IEEE Cat. No.03CH37428).

[42]  Chun Zhang,et al.  Classification of access network types: Ethernet, wireless LAN, ADSL, cable modem or dialup? , 2008, Comput. Networks.

[43]  Robert Beverly,et al.  A Robust Classifier for Passive TCP/IP Fingerprinting , 2004, PAM.

[44]  Richard Mortier,et al.  Anemone: using end-systems as a rich network management platform , 2005, MineNet '05.

[45]  Donald F. Towsley,et al.  Inferring link loss using striped unicast probes , 2001, Proceedings IEEE INFOCOM 2001. Conference on Computer Communications. Twentieth Annual Joint Conference of the IEEE Computer and Communications Society (Cat. No.01CH37213).

[46]  Antonio Pescapè,et al.  End-to-end packet-channel Bayesian model applied to heterogeneous wireless networks , 2005, GLOBECOM '05. IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference, 2005..

[47]  Ian Witten,et al.  Data Mining , 2000 .

[48]  Xiaowei Yang,et al.  NIRA: a new Internet routing architecture , 2003, FDNA '03.

[49]  Xiaowei Yang,et al.  A passive approach for detecting shared bottlenecks , 2001, Proceedings Tenth International Conference on Computer Communications and Networks (Cat. No.01EX495).

[50]  Yiwei Thomas Hou,et al.  Scalable video coding and transport over broadband wireless networks , 2001, Proc. IEEE.

[51]  Ching Y. Suen,et al.  A Method of Combining Multiple Experts for the Recognition of Unconstrained Handwritten Numerals , 1995, IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell..

[53]  Yiwei Thomas Hou,et al.  Service overlay networks: SLAs, QoS, and bandwidth provisioning , 2003, TNET.