Throughput performance improvement in cognitive radio networks based on spectrum prediction

Spectrum sensing is used to detect spectrum holes and find active primary users while randomly selecting channel for sensing leads to secondary user's low throughput in cognitive radio networks. Spectrum prediction forecasts future channel status on the basis of historical information, and BP neural network is used as an example of the prediction method. Second users' frame structure is redesigned in this paper based on spectrum prediction, aiming to select the most likely idle channel for sensing. Theoretical and simulation results show that secondary users' throughputs are significantly improved by spectrum prediction. Correlations both in the frequency domain and time domain are compared, and the impacts of the prediction method, traffic intensity, and channel number on the throughput are also investigated in this study.

[1]  Z. Warren,et al.  Prevalence of autism spectrum disorder among children aged 8 years - autism and developmental disabilities monitoring network, 11 sites, United States, 2010. , 2014, Morbidity and mortality weekly report. Surveillance summaries.

[2]  Songlin Sun,et al.  A Stackelberg game spectrum sharing scheme in cognitive radio-based heterogeneous wireless sensor networks , 2016, Signal Process..

[3]  Urbashi Mitra,et al.  Controlled Spectrum Sensing and Scheduling under Resource Constraints , 2015, 2015 24th International Conference on Computer Communication and Networks (ICCCN).

[4]  Xiaofan Li,et al.  Energy Detection Based Spectrum Sensing for Cognitive Radios Over Time-Frequency Doubly Selective Fading Channels , 2015, IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing.

[5]  D. Mandell,et al.  Should we believe the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s autism spectrum disorder prevalence estimates? , 2014, Autism : the international journal of research and practice.

[6]  Arumugam Nallanathan,et al.  Spectrum Sensing for Cognitive Radios in Time-Variant Flat-Fading Channels: A Joint Estimation Approach , 2014, IEEE Transactions on Communications.

[7]  Z. Warren,et al.  Prevalence of Autism Spectrum Disorder Among Children Aged 8 Years — Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring Network, 11 Sites, United States, 2014 , 2018, Morbidity and mortality weekly report. Surveillance summaries.

[8]  G. Dawson,et al.  The motivation for very early intervention for infants at high risk for autism spectrum disorders , 2014, International journal of speech-language pathology.

[9]  Wei Cheng,et al.  Spectrum prediction in cognitive radio networks , 2013, IEEE Wireless Communications.

[10]  S. Hayes,et al.  The Impact of Parenting Stress: A Meta-analysis of Studies Comparing the Experience of Parenting Stress in Parents of Children With and Without Autism Spectrum Disorder , 2012, Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders.

[11]  L. Woolfson,et al.  Confusion and inconsistency in diagnosis of Asperger syndrome: a review of studies from 1981 to 2010 , 2012, Autism : the international journal of research and practice.

[12]  F. Tyrer,et al.  Estimating the Prevalence of Autism Spectrum Conditions in Adults: Extending the 2007 Adult Psychiatric Morbidity Survey , 2012 .

[13]  Zhen Hu,et al.  Channel state prediction in cognitive radio, Part II: Single-user prediction , 2011, 2011 Proceedings of IEEE Southeastcon.

[14]  Ian F. Akyildiz,et al.  Primary User Activity Modeling Using First-Difference Filter Clustering and Correlation in Cognitive Radio Networks , 2011, IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking.

[15]  A. Ehrenberg,et al.  The autism diagnostic experiences of French parents , 2011, Autism : the international journal of research and practice.

[16]  Johnny L. Matson,et al.  The increasing prevalence of autism spectrum disorders , 2011 .

[17]  Gi-Hong Im,et al.  Cooperative Spectrum Sensing with Dynamic Threshold Adaptation , 2009, GLOBECOM 2009 - 2009 IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference.

[18]  P. Howlin,et al.  Parental stress associated with caring for children with Asperger’s syndrome or autism , 2009, Pediatrics international : official journal of the Japan Pediatric Society.

[19]  Hüseyin Arslan,et al.  A survey of spectrum sensing algorithms for cognitive radio applications , 2009, IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials.

[20]  Dorothy V M Bishop,et al.  Autism and diagnostic substitution: evidence from a study of adults with a history of developmental language disorder , 2008, Developmental medicine and child neurology.

[21]  Phil Reed,et al.  Parents' perceptions of communication with professionals during the diagnosis of autism , 2008, Autism : the international journal of research and practice.

[22]  L. Dušek,et al.  The course of diagnosis in autistic patients: the delay between recognition of the first symptoms by parents and correct diagnosis. , 2007, Neuro endocrinology letters.

[23]  A. Latif,et al.  Diagnostic trends in autistic spectrum disorders in the South Wales valleys , 2007, Autism : the international journal of research and practice.

[24]  K. Kerns,et al.  Assessing the diagnostic experiences of a small sample of parents of children with autism spectrum disorders. , 2007, Research in developmental disabilities.

[25]  D. Bowler.  Autism Spectrum Disorders: Psychological Theory and Research , 2006 .

[26]  B. J. Myers,et al.  How many doctors does it take to make an autism spectrum diagnosis? , 2006, Autism : the international journal of research and practice.

[27]  Donald A Brand,et al.  Parental beliefs about autism , 2006, Autism : the international journal of research and practice.

[28]  G. Baird,et al.  Prevalence of disorders of the autism spectrum in a population cohort of children in South Thames: the Special Needs and Autism Project (SNAP) , 2006, The Lancet.

[29]  W. Mansell,et al.  A survey of parents’ reactions to the diagnosis of an autistic spectrum disorder by a local service , 2004, Autism : the international journal of research and practice.

[30]  S. Ward,et al.  Autistic Spectrum Disorder , 2004, Autism : the international journal of research and practice.

[31]  Clint A. Bowers,et al.  Moderators of Stress in Parents of Children with Autism , 2001, Community Mental Health Journal.

[32]  C. Knussen,et al.  The Disclosure of a Diagnosis of an Autistic Spectrum Disorder , 2003, Autism : the international journal of research and practice.

[33]  Lorna Wing,et al.  The epidemiology of autistic spectrum disorders: is the prevalence rising? , 2002, Mental retardation and developmental disabilities research reviews.

[34]  P. Graves,et al.  Disclosure of developmental disability: A study of parent satisfaction and the determinants of satisfaction , 2000, Journal of paediatrics and child health.

[35]  P. Howlin,et al.  The diagnosis of autism and Asperger syndrome: findings from a survey of 770 families , 1999, Developmental medicine and child neurology.

[36]  K. Midence,et al.  The Experience of Parents in the Diagnosis of Autism , 1999 .

[37]  Patricia Howlin,et al.  Diagnosis in Autism , 1997 .

[38]  A. Couteur,et al.  Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised: A revised version of a diagnostic interview for caregivers of individuals with possible pervasive developmental disorders , 1994, Journal of autism and developmental disorders.

[39]  M. Chung,et al.  The path to care in autism: Is it better now? , 1994, Journal of autism and developmental disorders.

[40]  A. Stein,et al.  Imparting the diagnosis of life threatening illness in children. , 1989, BMJ.

[41]  J. Pittman,et al.  How many doctors? , 1976, Journal of the Medical Association of the State of Alabama.